AP government fall final review!!

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Federalist papers #10

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James Madison argues that a large republic helps combat against factions (inevitable in a free society.)

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Popular sovereignty

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All political power resides in the people. The people are independent.

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40 Terms

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Federalist papers #10

James Madison argues that a large republic helps combat against factions (inevitable in a free society.)

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Popular sovereignty

All political power resides in the people. The people are independent.

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Full faith and credit clause

state laws and court decisions must be honored by outher states.

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commerce clause

Gives congress the power to regulate commerce among states, upheld in (Gibbons vs Ogden.)

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Federalism

Powers of government are divided between the states and federal government.

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Dual federalism

national and state governments are seen as separate entities providing separate services. (weakens the national government.)

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Supremacy clause

Establishes the constitution as the “supreme law of the land”, Established in McCullough vs Maryland.

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Reserved powers

powers that the constitution does not grant to the national government but does not deny to the states (10th amendment)

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Exclusive powers

powers only given to the national government. (Coining money, making treaties, and regulating commerce)

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Categorical grants

Grants given to the states for specific purposes, such as building an airport or a school program.

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Block grants

money given to the states without strings attached.

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Incumbent advantages

well known, more connections, more money.

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Linkage institutions

interest groups, political parties, media, and voting all link citizens to the political process.

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Realignment

The switching of voter process from one party to another. This can happen during “critical elections”

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Interest groups

Primary purpose is to influence public policy, and has a very narrow point of view. They influence through PACS, use of media,and grassroots campaigns.

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Pluralism

the idea that having a variety of parties and interest groups will strengthen the system.

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Public agenda

the issues that the general public and political leaders agree need attention.

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Open primary

a primary in which any voter regardless of party status can vote

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closed primary

a primary in which only those with active voter status within the party can vote.

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House of representatives

states are given representation based of their population. Speaker of the house is the most powerful figure in the house

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Iron triangle

Composed of congress, interest group, and bureaucracy.

<p>Composed of congress, interest group, and bureaucracy. </p>
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Hard money

Funds that are given directly to a specific candidate. these funds are regulated and disclosed.

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soft money

Funds that are NOT directly given to the candidate. these do not have limits.

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Citizens united vs. FEC (2010)

supreme court ruled that political spending by corporations and labor unions is a form of free speech and protected under the 1st amendment, removing any bans on “soft money.”

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state legislature

The government institution responsible for the drawing of congressional district lines.

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Gerrymandering

congressional districts have been drawn in an odd shape to the advantage of the political party in control of state legislature.

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Pork barrel spending

Money within spending bills that benefits constituents back home in districts/states.

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Treaties

All treaties must be approved by a 2/3 vote of the senate.

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senate prestige

terms are longer then the house, and more responsibility therefore more prestige.

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Filibuster

used to prevent action on a bill, by talking. (unlimited debate in the senate leads to these.)

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cloture

the main way to end a filibuster, by a 3/5ths vote in senate. (60/100)

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Congressional committees

divides workload evenly among congress to properly screen bills and allowing members to develop expertise.

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standing committees.

Permanent committees that deal with broad areas of public policy. (house rules committee, ect.)

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Divided government.

When the House, senate, and presidency are not controlled by the same party.

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presidential expressed powers

Command the armed forces, veto acts of congress, grant pardons and reprieves, negotiate treaties, Nominate federal judges, and give the state of the union address.

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Rosseau

belived in direct democracy, in which everyone voted.

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Hobbes

Most famous for his social contract theory.

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Locke

Uses a theory of natural rights to argue that governments have obligations to their citizens.

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marburry vs madison

Court case that established the principle of judicial review

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Mcullough vs Maryland

Gave the federal government the rights to set up a federal bank and declared that states could not tax the federal government.