Hist: Opium War

Political long term causes of SOW

1. western powers dissatisfied with treaty terms

2. canton city question

3. chinese officials were unable to accept treaty revisions

4. britain and other foreign powers wanted greater access to china beyond treaty ports

5. rise of anti-foreign sentiments

Economic long term causes of SOW

1. foreign demands for tariff revision

2. foreign powers sought expanded trade beyond five treaty ports

3. british insistence on treaty revision beyond most-favoured-nation principle

Social long term causes of SOW

1. rise of xenophobic policies

2. enc of anti-foreign sentiments

3. attacks on british

Political short term causes of SOW

1. Anti-foreign policy pursued by emp daoguang and emp xianfeng

2. british diplomatic effort failed due to chinese refusal to negotiate

Economic short term causes of SOW

1. brit frustration with stalled negotiations led to military action

2. chinese authorities resistance to expanding trade beyond treaty ports

Social short term causes of SOW

1. british saw continued rejection by chinese officials as an direct insult to their status and authority

2. cantonese population’s resistance to british entry into city escalated hostilities