Dev Peds Wks 1-3

Top-Down Evaluation

Starts with occupational profile and performance before evaluating underlying client factors.

Family-Centered Care in Peds OT

Recognizes the family as the constant in the child's life and builds collaborative relationships.

Strengths-Based Approach

Builds on child's interests and strengths to overcome challenges and improve self-efficacy.

Occupational Profile (AOTA 2020)

Summary of child's occupational history, routines, interests, values, needs, and priorities.

Occupational Analysis vs. Activity Analysis

Occupational analysis examines individual performance; activity analysis examines typical task demands.

Developmental Milestones: Birth-6 Months

Social play, bonding, accurate reach, rolling, kicking, and exploring with hands/mouth.

Developmental Milestones: 6-12 Months

Purposeful toy use, object transfers, independent sitting, standing with support, responding to name.

Developmental Milestones: 12-18 Months

Simple pretend play, scribbling, stacking blocks, walking well, understanding object function.

Developmental Milestones: 18-24 Months

Complex pretend play, 4-5 piece puzzles, running, climbing, linking steps together.

Developmental Milestones: 2-3 Years

Parallel play, drawing circles, snipping with scissors, jumping, riding tricycle.

Developmental Milestones: 3-4 Years

Tripod grasp, copying shapes, alternating feet on stairs, imaginary and group play.

Developmental Milestones: 4-5 Years

Group games, dynamic tripod grasp, drawing stick figures, skipping, accurate throwing.

Developmental Milestones: 5-6 Years

Board games, printing name, 20-piece puzzles, simple problem solving.

Developmental Milestones: 6-10 Years

Hobbies, good manual dexterity, complex problem solving, cooperative play, independent ADLs.

Developmental Milestones: Adolescence (10-18 Years)

Independent ADLs/IADLs, community mobility, social identity, transition to work/college.

Three Categories of Sensory Processing

Sensory modulation, sensory discrimination, and sensory-based motor challenges.

Sensory Modulation Subtypes

Overresponsivity, underresponsivity, and sensory seeking.

Sensory Discrimination Domains

Tactile, proprioceptive, vestibular, visual, auditory, taste/smell, and interoception.

Sensory-Based Motor Challenges

Postural disorders and dyspraxia.

Structured Observations for Sensory Function

Prone extension, supine flexion, and diadochokinesis.

Core Hand Skills

Reach, grasp, carry, voluntary release, in-hand manipulation, and bimanual skills.

Grasp Milestones: 3 Months

Voluntary palmar grasp.

Grasp Milestones: 6-7 Months

Raking grasp.

Grasp Milestones: 9-12 Months

Pincer grasp and voluntary release.

In-Hand Manipulation: 12-15 Months

Finger-to-palm translation.

In-Hand Manipulation: 2-2.5 Years

Palm-to-finger translation and simple rotation.

In-Hand Manipulation: 2.5-3 Years

Complex rotation and bimanual coordination.

Handwriting Milestones: 2 Years

Imitates vertical line, horizontal line, and circle.

Handwriting Milestones: 3 Years

Copies vertical line, horizontal line, and circle.

Handwriting Milestones: 4-5 Years

Copies cross, letters, and name.

Handwriting Milestones: 5-6 Years

Copies triangle, prints name, and prints most letters.

Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ)

Screening tool for 2-60 months covering communication, motor, problem-solving, and social skills.

Peabody Developmental Motor Scales (PDMS-3)

Assesses motor competence from birth-5 years across body control, transport, and hand manipulation.

Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-3)

Evaluates fine and gross motor skills for ages 4-25 years.

Miller Function & Participation Scales (M-FUN)

Assesses mild to moderate motor delays for ages 2.5-7 years in home/school contexts.

Goal-Oriented Assessment of Lifeskills (GOAL)

Evaluates functional motor ADLs in children ages 7-17 years using 7 occupation-based tasks.

Test of Visual Perceptual Skills (TVPS-3)

Assesses visual perception across seven VP domains for ages 4-18 years.

Beery VMI

Assesses visual-motor integration by copying geometric forms for ages 2-18 years.

Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCD-Q)

Screening tool for DCD in children ages 5-15 years.

Sensory Processing Measure (SPM / SPM-P)

Evaluates sensory processing in home, school, and preschool environments for ages 2-12 years.

Sensory Profile 2

Assesses sensory processing patterns from infancy through adulthood.

Pediatric Documentation Requirement: Body vs. Summary

Objective data belongs in the body; subjective interpretation belongs in the summary.

Pediatric OT Goal Core Focus

Focuses on what the child will do, not what the therapist will do.

Essential Goal Components

Person, occupation/routine, context, observable behavior, measurable criteria, time frame.

SMART Goal Criteria

Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-bound.

OTPF-4 Goal Approaches

Create/Promote, Establish/Restore, Maintain, Modify, and Prevent.

Evaluation Interpretation Role

Links assessment data to occupational performance strengths and limitations to justify recommendations.

Intensive Therapy Model

Therapy delivered 3 to 11 visits per week.

Weekly / Bimonthly Therapy Model

Therapy delivered 1 to 2 times per week.

Consultative Therapy Model

Therapy services provided on an as-needed basis.

Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) Scale

5-point scale: +2 (much more), +1 (more), 0 (expected), -1 (progress), -2 (baseline).

GAS Score +2 Meaning

Outcome much more than expected.

GAS Score 0 Meaning

Expected level of goal attainment.

GAS Score -2 Meaning

Child's initial baseline performance level.

General Movement Assessment (GMA)

Video-based assessment that predicts cerebral palsy risk in infants.

Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE)

Neurological exam where a score

Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID)

Evaluates cognitive, language, motor, social-emotional, and adaptive domains.

Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI)

Assesses functional skills, caregiver assistance, and environment modifications.

Motor-Free Visual Perception Test (MVPT)

Evaluates visual perceptual skills without requiring motor output.

School Function Assessment (SFA)

Measures a child's performance of functional tasks in a school environment.

WeeFIM

Measures functional independence in self-care, mobility, and cognition for pediatric clients.

Primary Infant Occupations (0-12 months)

Eating, sleeping, playing/exploring, social participation, and mobility.

Infant Evaluation Starting State

Begin evaluation when the infant is in a calm, alert state.

Newborn Detectable Risk Factors

Oral Hyposensitivity Behaviors

Unaware of food in mouth, pockets food, messy eating.

Oral Hypersensitivity Behaviors

Gags easily, avoids food textures, dislikes face wiping.

Non-Nutritive Oral Motor Assessment

Evaluates tongue movement, lip closure, saliva management, and resting posture.

Observed Chewing Developmental Patterns

Transitions from munching to diagonal chew to mature rotary chewing.

Three steps of the OTPF-4 intervention process

Intervention Plan, Intervention Implementation, and Intervention Review.

Intervention Plan

Collaborative plan directing OT actions with measurable, occupation-focused goals.

Intervention Review

Ongoing re-evaluation to assess effectiveness, modify the plan, or determine continuation.

PEO Model components in pediatric OT

Interaction of Person, Environment, and Occupation factors.

Motor Control

The ability to regulate or direct mechanisms essential to movement.

Bottom-Up Approach (Motor Control)

Focuses on underlying deficits like strength, reflexes, and sensory integration.

Top-Down Approach (Motor Control)

Focuses on whole task engagement and dynamic systems theory.

Dynamic Systems Theory

Movement emerges from continuous interaction between person, task, and environment.

Ecological Theory key components

Agency, prospectivity, and flexibility during person-environment interactions.

Attractor States

Preferred or habitual movement patterns within dynamic systems theory.

Perturbations (Motor Control)

Internal or external forces that alter movement patterns.

Intrinsic Feedback

Internal sensory cues supporting self-correction and long-term skill retention.

Extrinsic Feedback

External verbal cues or modeling used primarily during early motor learning.

Knowledge of Performance vs. Knowledge of Results

Performance concerns movement execution; Results concerns the outcome achieved.

Massed Practice

Practice time exceeds rest time during a training session.

Distributed Practice

Rest time between practice trials is greater than practice time.

Cognitive Stage of Motor Learning

Initial skill acquisition characterized by high error rates and frequent feedback.

Associative Stage of Motor Learning

Skill refinement stage with fewer errors and linking of past experiences.

Autonomous Stage of Motor Learning

Automatic movement execution requiring minimal conscious attentional demand.

CO-OP Approach framework

Goal-Plan-Do-Check cognitive strategy framework for motor performance.

AOTA definition of Play

Intrinsically motivated, internally controlled, and freely chosen activity.

Play Deprivation consequences

Developmental delays, self-stimulation, social difficulties, and mental health challenges.

Takata's Play Stage: Birth to 2 years

Sensorimotor play.

Takata's Play Stage: 2 to 4 years

Symbolic and simple constructive play.

Takata's Play Stage: 4 to 7 years

Dramatic, complex constructive, and pregame play.

Takata's Play Stage: 7 to 12 years

Games with rules.

Takata's Play Stage: 12 to 16 years

Recreational play.

Three playfulness spontaneity dimensions

Physical spontaneity, cognitive spontaneity, and social spontaneity.

'S' in SOAP Note

Subjective report from client or caregiver detailing feelings and concerns.

'O' in SOAP Note

Objective, measurable, and observable clinical data and assistance levels.

'A' in SOAP Note

Assessment summarizing clinical reasoning, progress, and need for OT services.

'P' in SOAP Note

Plan outlining frequency, duration, upcoming interventions, and referrals.