lab open notebook review

What effect does complete enzyme denaturation have on enzyme activity?

the enzyme will lose activity

Identify the kidney structure labeled E.

renal pyramid

Hypertension exposes the glomerular filtration membrane to increased force. Which force would be affected by hypertension?

glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP)

What is the effect of decreased plasma PCO2 on pH?

pH increases

In what direction, if any, would air move if the pressure inside the lungs was greater than the pressure outside the lungs?

air would move out of the lungs

Identify the implantation structure labeled I.

amniotic cavity

Emphysema, congestive heart failure, and pneumonia can result in a condition of _.

respiratory acidosis

Identify the intestinal segment labeled A.

duodenum

What phosphorylation mechanism is used to generate ATP in the ETS?

oxidative phosphorylation

Identify the female reproductive structure labeled B.

uterine tube

After oocyte activation and the completion of meiosis, the nuclear material remaining within the ovum reorganizes to become the

female pronucleus

What step of cellular respiration produces most of the high energy coenzyme molecules for the electron transport system?

citric acid cycle

The enzymes hyaluronidase and acrosin are essential for fertilization to occur. Where are these enzymes located?

acrosome of the sperm

A temporary state of metabolic alkalosis results from a normal biological process called alkaline tide. When does alkaline tide occur?

when an individual is eating

Identify the nasal cavity/pharynx structure labeled A.

palatine tonsil

Identify the highlighted respiratory structure (midsagittal view).

oropharynx

Around day 15, a third germ layer forms between the superficial and deep layers of the inner cell mass through a cell migration process known as ___.

gastrulation

Identify the digestive system structure labeled H.

liver

Identify the nutrient pool molecules labeled A.

fatty acids

Identify the highlighted digestive system structure.

body

Identify the salivary gland structure labeled E.

parotid gland

Identify the ovarian structure labeled H.

corpus albicans

Identify the highlighted respiratory structure (anterior view).

thyroid cartilage

Ovulation marks the end of which phase of the ovarian cycle?

the follicular phase

Identify the highlighted digestive system structure.

stomach

At what stage does the ovum burst out of the follicle into the duct system of the female reproductive tract?

the Graafian follicle stage

Where does the carbon dioxide that you exhale come from?

reactions of cellular respiration

Identify the respiratory system structure labeled C.

sinuses

Type B blood is a strict dominant trait and type O is a strict recessive trait. John has type O blood and Mary is heterozygous for type B blood (Bo). If John and Mary reproduce, what is the chance that their child will have type O blood?

50%

Identify the female reproductive structure labeled "B".

myometrium

When a molecule is it loses electrons, and when a molecule is _ it gains electrons.

oxidized; reduced

Identify the stomach structure labeled F.

pylorus

Which answer describes tubular secretion?

it disposes of toxins, drugs and metabolic wastes

___ is a rare hereditary lung disease that causes an excess production of mucus resulting in blockage of airways.

Cystic fibrosis

Identify the male reproductive structure labeled B.

ejaculatory duct

When PCO2 levels increase, carbonic acid forms. What effect does this have on H+ concentration and plasma pH?

increases H+ concentration which decreases pH

An arterial blood gas was performed on a patient and the following results were obtained:
pH = 7.55
CO2 = 30 mm Hg
HCO3- = 23 mEq/L
What type of acid-base imbalance would be indicative of these values?

respiratory alkalosis

What type of trait inheritance occurs when one allele dominates the second allele and determines the phenotype?

strict dominance

Where is electron transport system-generated ATP produced in the cell?

mitochondria

What molecule will pyruvate be converted to if there are inadequate amounts of oxygen in the cytoplasm?

lactic acid

Identify the cleavage/blastocyst structure labeled C.

advanced morula

Identify the nephron/collecting system structure labeled D.

nephron loop

Some chromosomal disorders such as Edwards syndrome and Patau syndrome are caused by having an extra copy of a chromosome. Having an extra chromosome copy is called ___.

trisomy

During oogenesis, two or three nonfunctional cells are produced that will eventually disintegrate. What is the name of these cells?

polar bodies

In the PCT, the apical membrane of epithelial cells cotransport sodium and glucose. Since they are moving in the same direction, this cotransporter is a/n _.

symporter

Identify the nasal cavity/pharynx structure labeled F.

epiglottis

Identify the kidney structure labeled C.

renal pelvis

Identify the large intestine structure labeled C.

ascending colon

The pressure created in a fluid by large nondiffusible molecules, such as plasma proteins that cannot move across a capillary wall is called ___ pressure.

colloid osmotic

Glomerulonephritis can cause an acid-base imbalance called .

metabolic acidosis