Chess

Pawn

• Moves forward 1 square, but captures diagonally (1 square).

• On its first move, a pawn may move forward 2 squares.

• If it reaches the opposite end of the board, it can be promoted to any piece (usually a queen).

• En passant is a special capture rule.

Rook

• Moves any number of squares in a straight line: horizontal or vertical.

• Cannot jump over other pieces.

• Participates in castling with the king under certain conditions.

Knight

• Moves in an L-shape: 2 squares in one direction and then 1 square perpendicular.

• The only piece that can jump over/move through other pieces.

Bishop

• Moves any number of squares diagonally.

• Stays on the same color it starts on.

Queen

• Combines the power of the rook and bishop, moving any number of squares in a straight line horizontally, vertically, or diagonally.
• A versatile and powerful piece.

King

• Moves 1 square in any direction: horizontal, vertical, or diagonal.

• Cannot move into check (a threatened square).

• Can perform castling with a rook under certain conditions.

• The game is lost if the king is checkmated (cannot escape check).