History

what did psych come from

philosophy and physiology

Plato

philosopher

states the mind manifests from the state or body and there are individual differences when it comes to behavior

Aristotle

philosopher

studied consciousness/ perception and unconsciousness

Socrates

philosopher

the best way to learn is finding the answer yourself

Hippocrates

physiologist

biological/ physiological abnormalities cause psychological abnormalities

Johannes Muller

physiologist

the nervous system (brain) is the intermediary to everything

Herman von Helmholtz

physiologist

first to study relationship between physical objects and perception and empirically show there can be physical things you can’t perceive

Wilhelm Wundt

first psychologist

came up with structuralism

structuralism

every thought/ perception can be broken down simply and that is shared btw ppl

flawed bc it lacks validity and reliability

Titchener

started to study empirically

came up with introspection

Introspection

methodology of structuralism

thinking about thinking

validity

degree in which an experiment measures what it’s supposed to

reliability

consistency of answers

Charles Darwin

studied evolution and adaptations

internal characteristics are also adaptations

Trichromacy

activation of 3 cells that allows one to see more colors

Functionalism (William James)

claimed a function of a behavior (why) is more important than what it is

Gastalt Psychologist

explain perception as subjective and influences by context

a whole is not equal to the sum of its parts