CIVICS EOC EXAM REWIEW SESSION 1

John Locke - what is he known for

Natural rights , influencing the declaration on independence , the social contract.

What is a Social contract?

An agreement between the people and the government.

Montesquieu - how did he find the founding fathers?

Separation of powers, checks and balances.

What are four concepts found in the Magna Carta that influenced the founding fathers?

Limited government, Trial by jury, representation in government, rule of law.

List three rights found in the English bill of rights that are also in our bill of rights.

• Freedom of speech

• Freedom of cruel punishments

• Taxation without representation

Name three concepts in the mayflower compact that influenced the founding fathers:

• self government

• Rule of laws

• Social contract ( real contract)

What did Thomas paine’s common sense influence the founding fathers to do?

Declare independence.

List three things that the British did that made the colonists angry.

• taxes without consent

• No say in policies

• No acknowledge or response

Who was the grievances of the declaration of independence addressed to?

• to the king

What rights did Thomas Jefferson say every American is entitled to in the Declaration of Independence?

Life, liberty, & the pursuit of happiness.

Which enlightenment philosopher influenced Jefferson in the “natural rights” section of the Declaration of Independence?

John Locke

List three weaknesses of the articles of confederation

• no power to tax

• No trading

• No enforcing laws

We the people mean —-

US , who have the power

A more perfect union means

Coming together as one

Establish justice means

Fairness and equality

Ensure domestic tranquility means

Peaceful, quiet

Provide for the common defense means

We all 50 states fight as one nation

Promote the general welfare means

The common goodness of all

Secure the blessings of liberty means

Blessings of our freedom and rights

To ourselves and to our prosperity means

For us and forever

Define separation of powers

An act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies.

Define checks and balances

Principle of government under under which separate branches are empowered to prevent actions by other branches and are induced to share power.

Provide one example of checks and balances for each branch of government:

• legislative branch- writes laws

• Executive branch - enforcing the laws

• Judicial branch - interpreting the laws

What president demonstrated the rule of law?

Richard Nixon

List two sources of American law

• the court of Ham

• English law

List four types of laws

• civil ( disagreement)

• Criminal

• Constitutional

• Military ( only to military personnel )