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what is involved in an experiment and how do we use them?
independent, dependent and extraneous variables (controlled)
aims to establish the cause and effect giving the study internal validity
they look at a difference in performance of two or more groups
what is involved in an correlations and how do we use them?
instead iv/dv we measure co-variable
no control is used therefore no cause and effect is possible
correlations look at a possible relationship between co-variables
what is a correlational hypotheses?
states the strength of a relationship between two co-variables
e.g. there is a relationship between the number of hours slept and the number of hours using a screen (non-directional)
what is a strength of correlations?
it suggests new areas to research scientifically
what are the weaknesses of correlations?
no cause and effect relationship
third variable may be affecting the relationship
what is a curvilinear relationship?
optimal level in the middle, drops off on both sides of the middle
what is a correlation coefficient?
this is a number between -1 and +1 that tells us the strength and direction of our relationship
it comes from using statistical tests
the closer the number is to 1 the relationship is strong, the closer to 0 the weaker it is
