Unit 7A (1898-1929) APUSH

Progressive Era

was a period of widespread social activism and political reform across the US that spanned from the 1890s to the 1920s. The main objectives were addressing problems caused by industrialization, urbanization, immigration, and political corruption.

Monroe Doctrine

Statement delivered by President James Monroe, warning European powers to refrain from seeking any new territories in the Americas.

Corollary to Monroe Doctrine

stated that not only were the nations of the Western Hemisphere not open to colonization by European powers, but that the US had the responsibility to preserve order and protect life and property in those countries.

Spanish-American War

fought between the US and Spain in Cuba and the Philippines. It lasted less than 3 months and resulted in Cuba's independence as well as the US annexing Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.; ended Spain's colonial empire in the Western Hemisphere and secured the position of the US as a Pacific power.

Teller Amendment

was a 1898 amendment made to the Cuban Constitution that stated that the US did not plan to conquer any part of Cuba.

Platt Amendment

established the terms under which the US would end its military occupation of Cuba (which had begun in 1898 during the Spanish-American War) and "leave the government and control of the island of Cuba to its people."

Imperialism

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically.

Hawaii

When war broke out with Spain in 1898, the military significance of Hawaiian naval bases as a way station to the Spanish Philippines outweighed all other considerations. President William McKinley signed a joint resolution annexing the islands

Philippine War

armed conflict between the Philippines and the US from 1899-1902. It was a continuation of the Philippine struggle for independence. The Philippines declared war on the US and it became a savage conflict with guerilla warfare.; convinced the United States not to seize further overseas territory

Open Door Policy-China

the proposition to keep trade in China open equally to trade with all countries, preventing any one nation from controlling trade in the region

Boxer Rebellion

an uprising against foreigners that occurred in China about 1900, begun by peasants but eventually supported by the government. A Chinese secret society known as the Boxers embarked on a violent campaign to drive all foreigners from China.

Roosevelt-Big Stick Diplomacy

Diplomatic policy developed by Roosevelt where the "big stick" symbolizes his power and readiness to use military force if necessary. It is a way of intimidating countries without actually harming them and was the basis of US imperialistic foreign policy.

Panama Canal

The United States built the Panama Canal to have a quicker passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic and vice versa.

Alaska Purchase

purchase of Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million, instigated by William Steward.; marked the end of Russian efforts to expand trade and settlements to the Pacific coast of North America

Taft: Dollar Diplomacy

the US exchanging financial support for the right to "help" countries make decisions about trade and other commercial ventures. Basically it was exchanging money for political influence in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Wilson: Moral Diplomacy

was by President Woodrow Wilson which was based on the theory that foreign policy should reflect American values. This brought up concern more about human values than property rights.; failed because the U.S. became overly reliant on its allies

Muckrakers

Popular journalists who used publicity to expose corruption and attack abuses of power in business and government.

Voting Rights/Suffrage

The right to vote in Political elections.; supported both woman and African American citizens the right to vote

17th Amendment

allowing voters to cast direct votes for U.S. senators. Prior to its passage, senators were chosen by state legislatures.

Roosevelt: Square Deal

President Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program formed upon three basic ideas: conservation of natural resources, control of corporations, and consumer protection.

Upton Sinclair: The Jungle

muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago.

Eugene Debs

formed the American Railway Union; led workers in a strike against the Pullman Palace Car (Railroad) Company

Booker T. Washington

An educator who urged blacks to better themselves through education and economic advancement, rather than by trying to attain equal rights. In 1881 he founded the first formal school for blacks, the Tuskegee Institute.

W.E.B. Dubois

black intellectual who challenged Booker T. Washington's ideas on combating Jim Crow; he called for the black community to demand immediate equality and was a founding member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

Great Migration

The migration of African Americans from the rural South to the industrial North, which held promises of jobs, during and after World War I.

Isolationism

the traditional belief that the US should refrain from involvement in overseas politics, alliances, or wars, and confine its national security interst to its own borders.

Lusitania

The British ocean liner's demise contributed indirectly to the US' entry into World War I. In 1915 it was sunk by a German U-boat, resulting in the death of 1,198 people, including 128 Americans.

Zimmerman Telegram

This telegram, written by German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmermann, is a coded message sent to Mexico, proposing a military alliance against the US.

Espionage and Sedition Acts

made it a crime to obstruct military recruitment, to encourage mutiny, or to aid the enemy by spreading lies.

Schenck vs. United States

helped define the limits of the First Amendment right to free speech, particularly during wartime. It created the “clear and present danger” standard, which explains when the consequences of speech allow the government to limit it.

Selective Service Act

This 1917 law provided for the registration of all American men between the ages of 21 and 30 for a military draft.

American Expeditionary Force

the US military force that served in Europe during WWI. The AEF played a key role in helping to turn the tide of the war in favor of the Allies

Treaty of Versailles

signed by Germany and the Allied Nations on June 28, 1919, formally ending WWI. The terms of the treaty required that Germany pay financial reparations, disarm, lose territory, and give up all of its overseas colonies.

Wilson: 14 Points Speech

the war aims outlined by President Wilson in 1918, which he believed would promote lasting peace; called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms and a league of nations

Red Scare

hysteria over the perceived threat posed by Communists in the U.S. during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the US

Palmer Raids

attempts by the US Department of Justice to arrest and deport radical leftists, especially anarchists, from the US

Labor Strikes

started by workers due to the surfacing of the management v. labor conflict in the US. Some of the more popular strikes include the 1912 Lawrence "Bread and Roses" textile strike, the 1913 Paterson silk strike in New Jersey, and the Steel Strike of 1919, which happened in the wake of World War I.

Race Riots

In July of 1919 there were 5 days of rioting between unionized white laborers and black strikebreakers over scarce housing and jobs.