Hydraulics Midterms

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
0.0(0)
full-widthCall with Kai
GameKnowt Play
New
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/53

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

54 Terms

1
New cards

FLUID MECHANICS

a physical science dealing with the action of fluids at rest or in motion, and

with applications and devices in engineering using fluids.

2
New cards

Two Major Areas of Fluid Mechanics

Fluid Statics

Fluid Dynamics

3
New cards

Fluid Statics

which deals

with fluids at rest.

  • is the study of fluids in which there is no relative motion

    between fluid particles.

4
New cards

Fluid Dynamics

which

concerned with fluids in

motion.

5
New cards

HYDRAULICS

deals with the application of fluid mechanics to engineering

devices involving liquids, usually water or oil.

6
New cards

deals with such problems as the flow of fluids through pipes or in

open channels, the design of storage dams, pumps, and water turbines,

and with other devices for the control or use of liquids, such as nozzles,

valves, jets, and flowmeters.

Hydraulics

7
New cards

Fluid

is a substance whose molecules move freely past each other.

a substance that will continuously deform – that is, flow under the

action of a shear stress.

8
New cards

Hydraulics

-is the study of the flow of water through pipes, rivers, and open-

channels.

-includes pumps and turbines and applications such as

hydropower.

-important for ecology, policymaking, energy

production, recreation, fish and game resources, and water supply.

9
New cards

Hydrology

-is the study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water

throughout the earth.

-involves the hydraulic cycle and water

resource issues.

-provides results that are useful for environmental

engineering and for policymaking.

-is important nowadays because

of global challenges in providing water for human societies.

10
New cards

Aerodynamics

-the study of air flow.

-Topics include lift and drag on objects

(e.g., airplanes, automobiles, birds), shock waves associated with flow around a

rocket, and the flow through a supersonic or deLaval nozzle.

11
New cards

Computational fluid dynamics

is the application of numerical methods

implemented on computers to model and solve problems that involve fluid

flows. Computers perform millions of calculations per second to simulate fluid

flow.

12
New cards

Petroleum engineering

-the application of engineering to the exploration and

production of petroleum.

-Movement of oil in the ground involves flow through a

porous medium. Petroleum extraction involves flow of oil through passages in

wells. Oil pipelines involve pumps and conduit flow.

13
New cards

Atmospheric science

is the study of the atmosphere, its processes, and the

interaction of the atmosphere with other systems. Fluid mechanics topics

include flow of the atmosphere and applications of CFD to atmospheric

modeling.

-important for predicting weather and is

relevant to current issues including acid rain, photochemical smog, and global

warming.

14
New cards

Bio-fluid mechanics

-is an emerging field that includes the study of the lungs and

circulatory system, blood flow, micro-circulation, and lymph flow.

-is important for advancing health

care.

15
New cards

Bio-fluids

also

includes development of artificial heart valves, stents, vein and dialysis shunts,

and artificial organs.

16
New cards

Acoustics

the study of sound. Topics include production, control, transmission,

reception of sound, and physiological effects of sound. Since sound waves are

pressure waves in fluids, acoustics is related to fluid mechanics. In addition,

water hammer in a piping system, which involves pressure waves in liquids,

involves some of the same knowledge that is used in acoustics.

17
New cards

Microchannel flow

an emerging area that involves the study of flow in tiny

passages. The typical size of a microchannel is a diameter in the range of 10 to

200 micrometers. Applications that involve microchannels include

microelectronics, fuel cell systems, and advanced heat sink designs.

18
New cards

Electrical engineering

problems can involve knowledge from fluid mechanics.

For example, fluid mechanics is involved in the flow of solder during a

manufacturing process, the cooling of a microprocessor by a fan, sizing of

motors to operate pumps, and the production of electrical power by wind

turbines.

19
New cards

Environmental engineering

involves the application of science to protect or

improve the environment (air, water, and/or land resources) or to remediate

polluted sites. Environmental engineers design water supply and wastewater

treatment systems for communities.

20
New cards

Environmental engineers

are concerned with local and worldwide

environmental issues such as acid rain, ozone depletion, water pollution, and air

pollution.

21
New cards

VAPOR PRESSURE

Liquid molecules which possess sufficient kinetic energy are projected out

of the main body of a liquid at its free surface and pass into the vapor. The

pressure exerted by this vapor is known as

22
New cards

IDEAL GAS

is relationship between the pressure, density, and temperature for an ideal

gas.

23
New cards

normal stress

only stress that exist in fluid statics

24
New cards

Absolute pressure

is referenced to regions such as outer

space, where the pressure is essentially zero because the

region is devoid of gas.

25
New cards

absolute zero,

The pressure in a perfect vacuum

26
New cards

absolute pressure.

pressure measured relative to this zero

pressure is termed

27
New cards

gage pressure.

When the pressure is measured relative to prevailing local

atmospheric pressure, the pressure value is

called

28
New cards

vacuum pressure.

  • When pressure is less than atmospheric, the pressure can

be described using

  • is

    defined as the difference between atmospheric pressure

    and actual pressure.

  • is a positive number

    and equals the absolute value of gage pressure (which will

    be negative ).

29
New cards

BAROMETER

An instrument that is used to measure atmospheric

pressure

30
New cards

mercury barometer

is made by inverting a

mercury-filled tube in a container of mercury. The

pressure at the top of the mercury barometer will

be the vapor pressure of mercury, which is very

small: Pv = 2.4x10−6 atm at 20 °C.

31
New cards

aneroid barometer

works mechanically. An

aneroid is an elastic bellows that has been tightly

sealed after some air was removed.

32
New cards

BOURDON-TUBE GAGE

  • measures pressure by sensing

the deflection of a coiled tube.

  • is common

    because it is low cost, reliable, easy to install, and

    available in many different pressure ranges. There are

    disadvantages: dynamic pressures are difficult to

    read accurately; accuracy of the gage can be

    lower than other instruments; and the gage can be

    damaged by excessive pressure pulsations.

33
New cards

PIEZOMETER

is a vertical tube, usually transparent, in

which a liquid rise in response to a positive gage pressure.

Pressure in the pipe pushes the water column to a height

h, and the gage pressure at the center of the pipe is P=γh.

  • Advantages

    ✓ Simplicity direct measurement (no need for calibration)

    ✓ Accuracy

  • Disadvantages

    ✓ Cannot easily be used for measuring pressure in a gas

    ✓ Limited to low pressure because the column height

    becomes too large at high pressures

34
New cards

MANOMETER

often shaped like the letter “U”, is a

device for measuring pressure by raising or lowering a

column or liquid.

35
New cards

Ph = horizontal component;

total hydrostatic pressure on

plane area “A” which is the

projection of the curved one

on the vertical

36
New cards

Pv = vertical component;

weight of

liquid whose volume is traced by

moving the curve vertically

“upward” until the liquid surface or

its prolongation

37
New cards

Dams

are structures that block the flow of a river, stream, or other waterway. Some

dams divert the flow of river water into a pipeline, canal, or channel.

38
New cards

PURPOSES OF A DAM

Irrigation and drinking water

Power supply

Navigation

Flood control

39
New cards

TYPES OF DAM

Gravity Dam

Embankment Dam

Arch Dam

Buttress Dam

40
New cards

law of buoyancy,

buoyancy, known as Archimedes’

principle,

41
New cards

Archimedes.

The law of buoyancy, known as Archimedes’

principle, dates back some 2200 years to the

Greek philosopher

42
New cards

ARCHIMEDES’ PRINCIPLE:

“When a stationary body is completely

submerged in a fluid, or floating so that it is only

partially submerged, the resultant fluid force

acting on the body is called the buoyant force.This force is equal to the weight of the fluid

displaced”

43
New cards

TRANSLATION

X=sway

y=surge

z=heave

44
New cards

ROTATION

x=pitch

y=roll

z=yaw

45
New cards

METACENTER (M)

point of interstection between the bouyant force and the tiled axis of the body which DETERMINES its stability

46
New cards

METACENTRIC HEIGHT (MG)

distance between the metacenter and the center of gravity of the body which MEASURES its stability

47
New cards
48
New cards
49
New cards
50
New cards
51
New cards
52
New cards
53
New cards
54
New cards