Chapter 23 ~ World War II (copy)

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Fascism

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81 Terms

1

Fascism

A system of gov’t characterized by authoritarian rule, extreme nationalism, the belief in racial (Aryan) superiority and suppression of civil liberties

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2

Japan

What country modernized its military and industries; needed raw materials and new overseas markets; used its military to begin conquering its neighbors during the rise of facism?

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3

Japan’s timeline of growth in fascism leading into WWII

  • Emperor Hirohito & Prime Minister Hideki Tojo

  • 1931 invasion of Manchuria, China (northern territory); full invasion in 1937

  • 1940: conquest of Korea, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Philippines & Indonesia

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4

Benito Mussolini

In 1922 this leader came to power in Italy and was a Fascist ruler (nicknamed Il Duce (The Leader))

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Italy’s timeline of growth in fascism leading into WWII

  • Condemned Versailles Treaty for denying Italian territorial claims in Africa & the Middle East; Mussolini planned to build a modern Roman Empire

  • 1935 invasion of Ethiopia

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Germany

These factors led this country into fascism: WWI war debt, reparation payments, economic depression, rising unemployment, fear of communism led to Adolf Hitler’s rise with the Nazi party

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Adolf Hitler

Who wrote the autobiography Mein Kampf (My Struggle) that outlined this person’s beliefs/plans

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8

Beliefs of Adolf Hitler

  • Blamed the Versailles Treaty and Jewish people for Germany’s problems; planned to overturn Versailles Treaty

  • Annex large parts of Europe to unite Germans into a central “fatherland”

  • Believed in racial purity; “inferior races” (Jews, Slavs, Gypsies) would be subjugated by “master race” (Aryans)

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9

Adolf Hitler

Who was appointed chancellor and the Reichstag (parliament) granted dictatorial powers in 1933?

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  • Outlawed all other political parties, arrested political rivals, declared himself Der Fuhrer (The Leader)

  • 1935: rearmed German military in violation of Versailles Treaty

  • 1936: invaded Rhineland; formed Rome-Berlin Axis with Italy; later expanded to Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis when Japan joined (Axis Powers)

What did Adolf Hitler do after he was appointed chancellor?

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11

Neutrality Act of 1935

U.S. passed this, which imposed embargo on weapons sales to any warring nations & warned Americans traveling abroad did so at their own risk

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12

U.S.’s timeline leading into WWII

  • 1936:  banned loans to warring nations

  • 1937: imposed “cash-and-carry” requirement: warring country could purchase nonmilitary goods from U.S. but had to pay cash and transport goods on their own ships

  • 1939: permitted the sale of military goods on “cash and carry” terms; later changed to allow Allies to “cash and carry” military items

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isolationism

What did most Americans support leading up to WWII?

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14

Annexed Austria & planned to seize Sudetenland (western Czechoslovakia)

What did Hitler plan to do and do in 1938?

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15

1938 Munich Conference

Meeting between England, France & Germany; England & France agreed to let Hitler annex Sudetenland if pledged not to annex any more land

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Hitler annexed rest of Czechoslovakia

What happened six months after the Munich Conference?

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17

Hitler & Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union)

What two people signed a non-aggression pledge in August of 1939?

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18

Hitler invaded Poland; England & France declared war on Germany

What happened on September 1, 1939, which marked the beginning of WWII?

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19

Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Norway, Denmark & France

Germany conquered which countries in June of 1940?

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20

FDR

Who was re-elected to a third term as president of the US in 1940?

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21

FDR’s Four Freedoms speech

(January of 1941): (freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom from want, & freedom from fear) State of the Union address championing human rights and justifying American support for England

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22

Lend-Lease Act

Passed by Congress in March of 1941: president could lend/loan weapons to England or any country whose defense was vital to American security; countries could repay America later

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23

Japanese attack U.S. navy base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

What major event happened on December 7, 1941, which pulled US into WWII? (2400 Americans dead; several naval vessels damaged/destroyed; 200 planes destroyed)

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24

December 8, 1941

When did the US Congress officially declare war on Japan?

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December 11, 1941

When did the Axis Powers declare war on U.S.?

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26

War Powers Act

FDR had unprecedented control over all aspects of the war effort

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27

1942 Revenue Act

Expanded number of income tax paying Americans from 3.9 million to 42.6 million, which paid for 50% of war effort

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Gov’t borrowed from wealthy Americans

Who did the US expand war bond program?

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War Production Board (WPB)

Who awarded military contracts, allocated resources, and encouraged factories to convert to military production?

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16 million

How many men & women enlisted in the armed forces?

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code talkers

500+ Native American trained to use native languages to send/receive coded messages; codes were never broken by the Axis 

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(WASPs)

Women’s Airforce Service Pilots

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(WAC)

Women’s Army Corps

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(WAVES)

Women Accepted for Volunteers Emergency Service

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35

Transport pilots, ferry captains, nurses, clerks, mechanics, radio operators, logistical operations, etc.

What were the jobs of the (WAVES), (WAC), & (WASPs)?

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36

1944 Servicemen’s Readjustment Act (“G.I. Bill”)

provided education, job training, medical care, pensions and home loans for men & women who served in the military

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37

36%

What percentage of American workforce were women?

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38

1943

In what year was the unemployment rates at pre-Depression levels?

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39

“Double V” Campaign

Launched by African Americans; victory over Nazism abroad and Jim Crow discrimination at home; renewed calls to end job/housing discrimination, segregation and voter suppression

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40

Executive Order 8802

signed by FDR in 1941; prohibited discrimination in the hiring of workers based on race, creed, color or national origin” & created Fair Employment Practice Committee (FEPC) as a watchdog over hiring practices

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Fair Employment Practice Committee (FEPC)

Who served as a watchdog over hiring practices?

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42

Bracero Program

U.S. brought hundreds of thousands of Mexican workers to the U.S., especially for low-wage farm workers

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43

15 million

How many Americans moved to new residences for work? (about half moved to a different state, mostly moving to big cities)

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44

Pearl Harbor attack; uncovered long-standing racism, especially towards Japanese Americans

What was the driving forced that caused Approximately 15,000 German & Italian Americans detained by police?

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Executive Order 9066

Signed by FDR in 1942; forced removal of Japanese Americans from their homes to relocation camps to the interior of the U.S. for the duration of the war

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46

Nisei;

What was the name of native-born Americans of Japanese ancestry, and how many were sent to camps?

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47

1944 Korematsu vs. U.S

Supreme Court upheld the removal as a “military necessity”

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48

1944

When was FDR re-elected to a fourth term?

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49

Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin & FDR

Who were the Big Three?

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50

England, Soviet Union & U.S.

Who were the Allies?

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51
  • Defeating Germany first, Japan second

  • 1941: Germany invaded Soviet Union and reached outskirts of Moscow; Stalin wants Allies to open a second front by invading France

Plans of the Allies in the early 40s

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52

Germany

Who drove into southern Russia to seize oil fields, invaded North Africa to seize Suez Canal in Egypt and captured oil fields of Middle East?

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53

British

In 1942, which troops halt German advance in Egypt at Battle of El-Alamein?

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54

American/English

In 1943, which troops launched a counter offensive in North Africa?

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Russian

In 1942-43, which troops halted German advance at Battle of Stalingrad?

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Allies

In 1943, who invaded Italy?

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57

Allies

Who captured Rome in 1944? Mussolini captured/executed by Italian rebels

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58

Mussolini

Who was captured/executed by Italian rebels?

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59

D-Day

June 6, 1944: Allied invasion of France; second front opened against Germany (*know date for test)

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Allies

In 1945, who invaded Germany?

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61

Hitler

Who committed suicide on April 30th, 1945?

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62

Germany

What country surrendered on May 7th, 1945?

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63

The Holocaust

Germany’s campaign that exterminated 6 million European Jews and 6 million “undesirables” (Poles, Slavs, gypsies, homosexuals, the disabled)

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Buchenwald, Dachau, Auschwitz, Bergen-Belsen

What were the major concentration camps during WWII?

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65

Japan

Who conquered Wake Island, Guam, the Solomon Islands & Malaysia?

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66

Battle of Coral Sea

May, 1942: U.S. halted Japanese advance and prevented Japan from invading Australia

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Battle of Midway

June, 1942: U.S. navy smashed Japanese fleet, destroying several aircraft carriers

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68

island hopping

This Allied campaign was done to get within bombing range of Japan

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kamikaze attacks

Japanese pilots resort to what after the island hopping tactic of the Allies?

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70

Japanese

By 1945, Allies begin bombing which cities?

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71

April 12, 1945

When does FDR die?

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72

April 12, 1945

When does VP Harry Truman become President?

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73

Manhattan Project

1942-1945: codename for atomic bomb research project; led by General Leslie Groves and physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer; 2 billion dollar cost

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74

Los Alamos, NM

In July of 1945, where were atomic bombs tested?

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75

Hiroshima

On August 6, 1945, an atomic bomb was dropped which city? (100,000 casualties)

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76

Nagasaki

On August 9, 1945, an atomic bomb was dropped on which city? (60,000 casualties)

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77

Japan

On August 12, 1945, who surrendered to the Allies? (September 2, 1945, the formal surrender papers were signed)

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78

50 million

How many soldiers & civilians were killed in WWII? ((2.5% of global population) including 400,000 Americans)

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79

100 million, including 300,000 Americans

How many people were wounded in WWII?

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80

30 million

How many people were displaced or homeless?

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81

September 1, 1939

When was the start of WWII.

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