Ecology bio test 1

Ecology

The study of interactions of organisms with one another and the environment

Species

organisms that are able to breed with each other and produce fertile offspring

Population

a group of individuals of the same species living in that same area

Community

all of the populations of individuals in a particular area

biotic

any living thing -organisms: animal , plant, bacteria

Abiotic

any non- living thing- organisms - water, sunlight, oxygen

Ecosystem

a community of populations, together with the abiotic and biotic factors

Biosphere

All the areas on earth ( in the air, land and water) that are inhabited by and support life

Producers (Autotrophs);

an organism that synthesizes its own food using light or chemical energy

Consumers (Heterotrophs);

an organism that cannot synthesize its own food and thus obtain it by consuming other organisms

Decomposers;

obtain their energy by consuming dead plant and animal matter or waste

Trophic level;

a feeding level in an ecosystem

Food chain;

model showing the linear pathway through which food ( energy)is transferred from producers to primary consumers and to higher trophic levels

Food web

consists of all the food chains in a single ecosystem

Pyramid of energy;

;is a graphical representation of the energy found within the trophic levels of an ecosystem

Ecotones

an area of transition between two biomes certain abiotic changes in their environment to survive

Biome

is an ecosystem or group of ecosystems with distinct abiotic and biotic conditions

Range of tolerance;

refers to the range of areas in which an organism can tolerate

Intertidal zone;

the region between high and low tide on the shore

Estuary

Semi-enclosed coastal ecosystem that are transitional between marine and freshwater habitats

Are ecosystems defined by size?

No ecosystems are not defined by size but what abiotic and biotic factors are there.

Formula of photosynthesis

carbon dioxide + water + light energy = carbohydrates( sugars and starches) + oxygen

CELLULAR RESPIRATION formula

Carbohydrates ( starches and sugars) + Oxygen= carbon dioxide + water + energy

Why are photosynthesis and cellular respiration considered complementary

both processes use the same matter but the form of energy used and released is different.

What is chemosynthesis?

The process by which bacteria use energy from chemical nutrients (ex: hydrogen sulfide from deep sea vents) to chemically convert carbon into carbohydrates like sugars and starches

Why is energy lost when transferring from one trophic level to another?

Energy decreases as it moves up trophic levels because energy is lost as body heat , used for metabolism, movement growth, cell repair or reproduction

How much energy is passed from one trophic level to the next?

Only 10% of the energy is passed on to each trophic level.

What are Canada’s four major biomes?

Tundra - Boreal Forest (Taiga) - Temperate Deciduous Forest - Prairie Grasslands -

Tundra characteristic

Extremely cold climate, Short season of growth and reproduction and very little precipitation

Boreal forest ( taiga) characteristic

cool long winters, moderate to short summers, world's largest land biome

Temperate Deciduous Forest characteristic

cold winters, hot wet summers, -30 to 30 C temp range southern Ontario and Quebec

Prairie Grasslands Characteristic

dark, rich soil, cold winters, and hot humid summers

What are the zones of a marine (ocean) biome?

Neritic Zone And Oceanic Zone

Neritic Zone

Ocean water found over the continental shelf, Extends to 200 m in depth and Often referred to as banks. Water is relatively warm, receives lots of light, and has more nutrients compared to deeper ocean waters

Oceanic Zone

Open ocean , Made of various ecosystems which are influenced by the amount of light, temperature, nutrient concentration and salinity Divided into sections based on depth

What are the zones of a freshwater biome?

Littoral Zone - Along the shore
Limnetic Zone - Deeper open waters
Benthic Zone -Just above the bottom sediment

Oceanic zone 1

Bathyal Zone- Between 1000 m and 4000 m deep, Small amount of light, Eels, squid, crustaceans, and jellyfish

Oceanic zone 2

Abyssal Zone - Between 4000 m and 6000 m deep, No light , Fish, squid, worms, and mollusks