WGU: MEE3 - D127 Fully comprehensive Exam questions bank ( all units with questions and answers )

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236 Terms

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Probability

The likelihood of an event occurring

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Impossible

0% Probability

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Unlikely

1% to 39% Probability

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As Likely as Unlikely

40% to 60% Probability

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Likely

61% to 99% Probability

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Certain

100% Probability

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Theoretical Probability

(Classical Probability) Computed by dividing the number of outcomes where the desired event occurs by the total number of outcomes. *Note that the outcomes must be equally likely

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Empirical Probability

(Experimental Probability) A probability that is calculated by conducting trials or experiments and recording the results

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Probability Model

A mathematical representation of a random phenomenon

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Experiment

In probability, an experiment or trial is a procedure that can be done repeatedly, that has a well defined set of possible outcomes

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Outcome

A single possible result of an experiment

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Sample Space

The set of possible outcomes for an experiment *All the different outcomes

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Event

An outcome or set of outcomes, whose chance of occurrence can be represented with a probability

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Fair

In probability, this refers to a situation in which all outcomes are equally likely. It is the opposite of biased

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Sample Size

In probability, this refers to the number of possible outcomes in a trial or experiment *The number of different outcomes

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Fundamental Counting Principle

States that for one event with n outcomes and another, independent event with m outcomes, the sample size is n X m

*Used to find the total number of possible outcomes

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Permutation

Order matters. The number of unique ordered possibilities for a certain situation

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Sampling With Replacement

When an outcome can be selected more than once

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Sampling Without Replacement

When an outcome cannot be selected more than once

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Combination

Order does not matter. The number of unique unordered possibilities for a certain situation. *All of these problems will be without replacement

21
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Mutually Exclusive

Two events that CANNOT occur at the same time

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Intersection (AND)

Since the two events are mutually exclusive, it has no common intersection point. The probability of occurrence of such an event will be zero

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Union (OR)

Addition rule of probability

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Independent Events

Events where the occurrence of one does NOT affect the probability that the other event(s) will occur

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Dependent Events

Events connected such that one event's occurrence IMPACTS the likelihood that the other event will take place

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Independent Unions

The probability that either one or the other or both will occur

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Independent Intersections

The probability that both event A and event B will occur

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Data

A set of values of qualitative or quantitative variables; pieces of data are individual pieces of info

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Categorical

This type of data consists of data values that can be sorted into groups or categories. Also called Qualitative Data

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Quantitative

Numeric information based on some quantity or measured value. Also called Numerical Data

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Categorical Graphs

- Pie Chart

- Bar Chart

- Pictograph

- Venn Diagram

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Quantitative Graphs

- Line Graph

- Stem-and-Leaf Plot

- Box Plot

- Histogram

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Intervals

A set of numbers between two specified values

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Maximum

The greatest possible value available in a data set

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Minimum

The lowest value available in a data set

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Lower Quartile

A lower or left rectangle which shows the dividing point between the lower 25% of values and middle 25% of values

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Upper Quartile

An upper or right rectangle which shows the dividing point between the middle value and the upper 75% of values

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Five-Number Summary

The minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, and maximum. Quartile and maximum. A box plot represents the five numbers in this summary

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Scatterplot

A graph that uses dots on a coordinate plane to show the relationship between two quantitative variables

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Correlation

An observed relationship between two quantitative variables, but not necessarily a casual relationship

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Association

A pattern or relationship between two variables

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Determining if Graphs are Skewed-Right or Left

Look for the highest point and determine left or right from there

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U-Shaped

Occurs when symmetric distribution has a valley instead of a peak

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Uniform

Gas similar frequency across its range

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Spread (Range)

The difference between the minimum and maximum value in a given measurable set

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Outlier

An observation point (number) that is significantly distant from the other observations in the data set

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Causation

The relationship of cause and effect. *Can ONLY be determined from an experiment

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Casual Relationship

A relationship between two variables that can be classified as cause-and-effect

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Control Group

A group that does not undergo any change that can be compared to a treatment group

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Regression Analysis

A statistical analysis tool that quantifies the relationship between a response variable and one or more explanatory variables

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Explanatory Variable

The variable that may be the cause of some result or is presented as a variable that offers an explanation. Also called the independent variable

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Response Variable

The variable that is obtained as a result or the response that gets measured or observed. Also called the dependent variable

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Simple Linear

The predication of one response variable's value from one or more explanatory variables' value. When there is a linear relationship between the two variables

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Regression Line

The line of best fit where the distance between the line and every point in the data set is minimized

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Statistics

The science that deals with the interpretation of numerical facts or data through theories of probability

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Measures of Central Tendency

A summary measure that is used to describe an entire set of data with one value that represents the middle or center of the data

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Mean

Average. Calculated by adding a series of elements in a data set together then dividing the sum by the total numbers in the series

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Median

The value/quantity lying at the midpoint of a frequency distribution

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Mode

The most frequent value in a dataset

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1 mode =

Unimodal

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2 modes =

Bimodal

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No Mode =

Uniform

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Measures of Spread

A number of measures used to determine the distance of data from the center of the data set, such as range and standard

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Range

The difference between the smallest (minimum) and the greatest (maximum) values of a data set

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Normal Distribution

When data tends to occur around a central value with no bias right or left. All of these look like a symmetric, bell-shaped curve

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Variance

A quantifiable deviation, departure, or divergence away from a known baseline or expected value

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Standard Deviation

A measure of how far, on average, data points are from the mean

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Probability

The likelihood of an event occurring

69
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Impossible

0% Probability

70
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Unlikely

1% to 39% Probability

71
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As Likely as Unlikely

40% to 60% Probability

72
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Likely

61% to 99% Probability

73
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Certain

100% Probability

74
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Theoretical Probability

(Classical Probability) Computed by dividing the number of outcomes where the desired event occurs by the total number of outcomes. *Note that the outcomes must be equally likely

75
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Empirical Probability

(Experimental Probability) A probability that is calculated by conducting trials or experiments and recording the results

76
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Probability Model

A mathematical representation of a random phenomenon

77
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Experiment

In probability, an experiment or trial is a procedure that can be done repeatedly, that has a well defined set of possible outcomes

78
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Outcome

A single possible result of an experiment

79
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Sample Space

The set of possible outcomes for an experiment *All the different outcomes

80
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Event

An outcome or set of outcomes, whose chance of occurrence can be represented with a probability

81
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Fair

In probability, this refers to a situation in which all outcomes are equally likely. It is the opposite of biased

82
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Sample Size

In probability, this refers to the number of possible outcomes in a trial or experiment *The number of different outcomes

83
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Fundamental Counting Principle

States that for one event with n outcomes and another, independent event with m outcomes, the sample size is n X m

*Used to find the total number of possible outcomes

84
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Permutation

Order matters. The number of unique ordered possibilities for a certain situation

85
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Sampling With Replacement

When an outcome can be selected more than once

86
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Sampling Without Replacement

When an outcome cannot be selected more than once

87
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Combination

Order does not matter. The number of unique unordered possibilities for a certain situation. *All of these problems will be without replacement

88
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Mutually Exclusive

Two events that CANNOT occur at the same time

89
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Intersection (AND)

Since the two events are mutually exclusive, it has no common intersection point. The probability of occurrence of such an event will be zero

90
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Union (OR)

Addition rule of probability

91
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Independent Events

Events where the occurrence of one does NOT affect the probability that the other event(s) will occur

92
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Dependent Events

Events connected such that one event's occurrence IMPACTS the likelihood that the other event will take place

93
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Independent Unions

The probability that either one or the other or both will occur

94
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Independent Intersections

The probability that both event A and event B will occur

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Base Unit

A unit that serves as the foundation for other units within that measurement system

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Time

A measurement of change, or a duration that orders events sequentially into past, present, and future

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Temperature

A measurement of the heat inside an object

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Celsius Scale

A scale with 0 degrees as the freezing point and 100 degrees as the boiling point. Is the metric unit of measurement for temperature

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Fahrenehit Scale

Used in the U.S. 32 is the freezing point and 212 is the boiling point

100
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Length

Is measured in two different systems: U.S. customary units and the metric system