HOA: German Expansion DATES/PERSPECTIVES

Hitler becomes German chancellor

1933 Jan

Hitler introduces rearmament program

1933 Feb

Hitler leaves Disarm Conference + announces intention to withdraw Germany from LoN

1933 Oct

Germany signs non-agression pact with Poland

1934 Jan

Saar Plebiscite

1935 Jan

Stresa Agreement

1935 Mars

Anglo-German Naval Treaty + Italian Invasion of Abyssinia

1935 June

Germany remilitarizes Rhineland

1936 Mars

Hitler sends military support to Franco's nationalists in Spain

1935 July

Hitler's 4 Yr plan drafted

1935 Aug

Anti-Comintern Pact made with JP + Rome-Berlin Axis

1935 Nov

Hossbach Memorandum

1937

Anschluss declared with Austria after German troops march into Austria

1938 Mars

Sudeten Crisis

1938 September

Germany occupies rest of Czechoslovakia / Lithuania gives up the port of Memel to Germany

1939 Mars

Anglo-French guarantee of Poland

31 Mars 1939

Conscription introduced in Britain

27 April 1939

Pact of Steel

May 1939

Anglo-French mission to Moscow

12 Aug 1939

Nazi-Soviet Pact

24 Aug 1939

Anglo-Polish Treaty

25 Aug 1939

Germany invades Poland

1 Sept 1939

Br/Fr declare war on Germany

3 Sept 1939

Kaiser Wilhelm abdicates - Ebert takes over as president of new Weimar Republic

1918 November (1)

Germany signs armistice to end WWI

1918 Nov (2)

Treaty. Versailles signed by Germany

1919 June

Spartacist uprising

1919 Jan

Hitler joins the German Workers’ Party

1919 Sept

German Workers’ Party renamed to National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP)

1920 Feb

Kapp Putsch

1920 Mars

French troops occupy the Ruhr

1923 Jan

Germany faces hyperinflation

1923

Beer Hall Putsch

1923 Nov

Dawes Plan implemented

1923 Sept

Locarno Treaty

1925 Oct

Germany joins LoN

1926

Zara Steiner

“Treaty. Versailles fail to solve problem of both punishing/ conciliating country that remain a great pwr, despite 4 yrs of fighting/military defeat”

Ian Kershaw

“By end of 1936, (Germany-Italy axis secured + Creation of Anti-Comintern pact with Japan + Span Civil War), all reveal how passive/uncertain the western democracies + Germany fully prep for war = international tension - meanwhile, H. position emerged/supported/reinforced

Kershaw (Reichstag fire + Rohn Crisis + Blömberg-Fritsch affair)

milestones towards Führer absolutist pwr

AJP Taylor (Hossbach Memorandum)

purpose of conference was NOT foreign policy BUT to convince conservative army/financial to continue w/ rearmament program and isolate Schacht/those opposing + H's exposition cannot be recorded irl *daydreaming

Alan Bullock (Anschluss)

Hitler's ability to combine ‘consistency’ in aim of calculation, patience in prep with opportunism, impulse, improvisation in execution

Klaus Fischer (impact of Anschluss)

H's gamble successful again

a. became convinced his strategy of ruthless power politics = only effective policy contre war-weary/ vacillating opponents

b. reinforce effectiveness of international blackmail/intimidation

c. consequence of diplomacy/ H + Muss friendship → polarise Euro pwrs

d. Vienna at H's disposal = direct access to SE Euro / toward Czechoslovakia + Hungary + Yugoslavia

Kershaw (war for H)

decisive step towards fulfillment of “mission”

Roderick Stackel (despite Br/Fr ‘assurance’ to Poland, H does not think they will actually take action)

bc of the yr before: Br/Fr failed to fight for militarily strong/democratic Czechoslovakia despite assurance of Soviet aid → now w/ weak/undemocratic military of Poland without Soviet aid

H. joins German Worker's Party

1919 (yr later takes control and changes the name to National Socialist German Worker's Party (Nazi for short)