United States History Final Exam

What did Stalin want at the Yalta Conference?

Spread of communism and buffer states

Who were the Bonus Expeditionary Forces and what did they want?

WW1 veterans who marched in Washington, d.c. in 1932 to demand early payment of their promised bonuses

What were three reasons the Stock Market crashed in 1929?

Federal reserve did not react, over speculation, fear

Explain how overproduction causes prices to fall:

Increase in supply reduces value of an item, adjunctly reducing prices

Explain how Hoover and FDR’s approach to the Great Depression differed?

Hoover was Laissez Faire to the extreme while FDR took a more active role in rebuilding the economy.

What were the fireside chats and why did FDR hold them?

The Fireside Chats were FDR getting on the radio and talking through national issues with the American people to reduce fear

What did the Federal Reserve not do that contributed to the Great Depression?

The Federal Reserve didn’t bail out the banks

What is Laissez-faire and what American president was one of the first to jot support the ideology?

Laissez faire was the idea of the government being hands off of economics. FDR did not support this ideology

What is nationalism and why can it be dangerous?

Nationalism is extreme patriotism and sense of national identity and pride. It can be dangerous because it can be discriminatory and unequal. Nationalist governments also have harmful control over the economy

What were the causes of World War war One?

Franz Ferdinand was assassinated, Nationalism, Military alliances on the rise

What is Social Darwinism and how did it impact society in the US in the early 30th century?

Social Darwinism was the application of Darwin’s theory of evolution, “survival of the fittest”, to humans to justify racism (whites were more evolved than other races)

What is the date for armistice in WW1?

November 11th, 1918

What was the purpose for Victory Gardens in both WW1 and WW2?

to help people recover from food shortages and avoid wartime restrictions on food

What events drew the United States into WW1?

Zimmerman Telegram, RMS Lusitania sank, Nationalism, Franz Ferdinand’s assassination

How is industrialization connected to imperialism?

Industrialization has high demand for raw materials, which required the control of resource-rich nations

What was the ideology and practice of imperialism controversial to Americans?

because we were victims of imperialism and our constitution forbids a king, but we were serving as a king to our colonies. hypocrisy

Why did the United States set up colonies in Asia? What was the primary reason?

Coaling stations for the US Navy

How did the United States claim control of Hawaii?

overthrowing Queen Lili’uokalani due to nationalism fueled by the Spanish-American war

What country did the United States fight against in the war of 1898

Spain

What is significant for how the war of 1898 affected American foreign policy?

the US became a more active force in the world stage and made it a global force

What is jingoism and why was it problematic?

Extreme patriotism to the degree of aggression towards foreign nations

Name the new American colonies after the War of 1898

Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines

What is Moral Diplomacy and which American president started this ideology?

The prioritization of moral principles, ideals, and the spread of democracy (Woodrow Wilson)

Which country built and maintained control of the Panama Canal until 1999?

United States

What was the Platt Amendment?

The Platt Amendment was with Cuba. It stated the US could intervene at any time if we thought communism was a risk and we marginally controlled their economy

What was the average size of the US military before WW1?

around 200,000

What was the main purpose for the War Labor Board during WW1?

to mediate labor disputes and prevent strikes that could result in half of wartime production

What is a war of attrition and how does this relate to WW1?

this was the primary strategy used in WW1. it is characterized by long, draining, demoralizing bloody warfare (trench warfare) Western Front

Who supported the Fourteen Points and what was the goal of this document?

Woodrow Wilson supported them and they served as the basis of peace negotiations at the end of WW1. lasting peace

Which country was blamed and took the brunt for WW1?

Germany

What is the name of the peace treaty for WW1?

Treaty of Versailles

What was controversial about the Agricultural Adjustment Act?

Prices were raised during a recession. intentional scarcity-farmers were paid not to produce certain crops

What was a benefit of the Public Works Project beyond employing unemployed Americans during the Great Depression?

Improved infrastructure

What was the purpose for the Truman Doctrine?

provide political, military, and economic aid to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarianism

What is the best definition for the Cold War?

A war fought between the US and the Soviet Union that never got heated. It was fought via proxy wars and an arms race

What is the 38th parallel?

The dividing lines between the Koreas

What is the 17th parallel?

the dividing line between North and South Vietnam

What was the Munich Analogy and how does this relate to the Cold War?

The Munich Analogy is a cautionary tale about appeasing dictators and references the failed attempt at appeasing Hitler in WW2. The US felt they could not appease Stalin when he asked for buffer states or when he was spreading communism

What was the Red Scare and when did this occur?

The Red Scare was the rising fear of communism infiltrating America. 1919-1920

What was Eisenhower referring to when he used the term Domino Theory?

he meant that if one Southeast Asian country fell to communism, the whole of Southeast Asia would fall

What was the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?

a joint resolution passed Aug. 7th, 1969 authorizing President Johnson to take all necessary measures to defend US troops in Southeast Asia to repel an armed attack

Which American president sent the first combat troops to Vietnam?

Lyndon B. Johnson

What was détente and which president started this policy during the Cold War?

The detente was a time of improved relations between the US and the Soviet Union. Richard Nixon

Explain the cause and effect of the Cuban Missile Crisis:

CAUSE: the Cuban Missile Crisis was caused by the secret installation of Soviet missiles in Cuba

EFFECT: The peaceful resolution to improve communications between US and Soviet Union

What were the SALT 1 and SALT 2 treaties?

Arms control agreements between the US and Soviet Union. Lessen lethal weapons production

Which American president broke for my he Truman Doctrine? What was his goal and how did it differ from TD?

Reagan. Wanted to dissolve Soviet Union

What is a proxy war? How was this used in the Cold War?

This was how the war was primarily fought. the definition of this is when two countries fund and support opposing countries that support their ideal. US funds democratic side while Soviet Union funds communist side

What and when was the Velvet Revolution?

A peaceful protest in Czechoslovakia transitioning power. 1988