Personality, Cultural Values, & Ability

A set of 50 vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts related to personality, cultural values, and ability for exam preparation.

Personality

Structures and propensities inside people that explain their characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior.

Big Five Personality Dimensions

Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Openness, and Extraversion.

Conscientiousness

Characterized by being dependable, organized, reliable, ambitious, hardworking, and persevering.

Agreeableness

Involves being kind, cooperative, sympathetic, helpful, courteous, and warm.

Neuroticism

Also known as Emotional Stability; associated with being nervous, moody, emotional, insecure, and jealous.

Openness to Experience

Involves being curious, imaginative, creative, complex, refined, and sophisticated.

Extraversion

Characterized by being talkative, sociable, passionate, assertive, bold, and dominant.

Accomplishment striving

A strong desire and motivation to achieve task-related goals associated with conscientiousness.

Communion striving

A strong desire to obtain acceptance in personal relationships associated with agreeableness.

Negative affectivity (NA)

A dispositional tendency to experience unpleasant moods such as hostility and annoyance.

Internal locus of control

Belief that one has control over the events of their life.

External locus of control

Belief that one's life is determined by chance and powerful others.

Cultural values

Shared values, beliefs, motives, identities, and interpretations that result from common experiences.

Individualism

A social framework where individuals take care of themselves and their immediate family.

Collectivism

A social framework where individuals take care of broader ingroup members and act loyally.

Power Distance

Refers to the acceptance of unequal power distribution in organizations.

Uncertainty Avoidance

The degree to which a culture feels threatened by uncertain and ambiguous situations.

Masculinity-Femininity

Refers to the value placed on stereotypically male or female traits in a culture.

Short-Term Orientation

Values that are past- and present-oriented, focusing on tradition and obligations.

Long-Term Orientation

Values that are future-oriented, focusing on persistence, prudence, and thrift.

Monochronic culture

Time is perceived as linear and structured, with segmented tasks.

Polychronic culture

Time is seen as fluid and flexible, with no strict separation between activities.

Proxemics

The study of personal space and how physical distance affects communication.

Ethnocentrism

The belief in the superiority of one's own culture and the inability to recognize cultural differences.

Job Performance

The effectiveness with which job tasks are carried out.

Organizational Commitment

The degree to which employees are devoted to their organization.

Cognitive Ability

The relatively stable capabilities people have to perform a range of different activities.

Emotional Ability

The capacity to recognize, understand, and manage emotions effectively.

Wonderlic Personnel Test

A widely used measure of cognitive ability consisting of 50 questions to be completed in 12 minutes.

Verbal Ability

Capacities associated with understanding and expressing oral and written communication.

Quantitative Ability

The capability to solve problems involving numbers and mathematical concepts.

Reasoning Ability

Abilities associated with sensing, solving problems, and applying logic.

Spatial Ability

Capabilities associated with visualizing and manipulating objects in space.

Perceptual Ability

The ability to perceive, understand, and recall patterns of information.

General Cognitive Ability

An overall measure of cognitive capacities, often referred to as IQ.

Positive Emotions

Emotions such as joy, pride, relief, hope, love, and compassion.

Negative Emotions

Emotions such as anger, anxiety, fear, guilt, shame, sadness, envy, and disgust.

Self-Awareness

The ability to recognize and appropriately express one's own emotions.

Other Awareness

The capacity to recognize, understand, and predict the emotions of others.

Emotion Regulation

The ability to control impulses and recover quickly from emotional experiences.

Use of Emotions

The degree to which people can harness their emotions for success.

Job Satisfaction

The level of contentment employees feel regarding their work.

Emotional Intelligence

The measure of efficacy in social situations, encompassing self-awareness and emotional regulation.

Ability

Relatively stable capabilities related to different activities or tasks.