Art History Review: Renaissance to Realism

Flashcards for Renaissance to Realism Art History Review

RENAISSANCE birth place and date

Florence, 1420

RENAISSANCE All Places

Italy: Florence, Venice
Northern: Germany and Austria

Who does Renaissance start with

Masaccio (he makes people human)

Why is Masaccio considered forever young

He dies in his 20s

What medium is new in northern renaissance

Oil on panel (panel is new not oil)

Who were the Medici

Bankers and rich, patrons of the art

Who comes from the ranks of the medici

Popes and queens

What theme was Boticelli in theme with

The classical world being fashionable

Mantua

City of art ruled by Ludovico Gonzaga

Who did the ruler of Mantua employ as painter

Andrea Mantegna

Who wanted to rebuild Rome

Julius II

What did Julius II do to rebuild rome

Built St. Peters Basilica

Significance: Psychological representation vs Physical?

Psychological: Adam is not aware of his sexuality and hides his shame, Eve is aware and shows her shame. Physical: Adam hides his face not body, Eve hides her body not face. Shows the shame of sin and is important of the time where they started to paint more religious scenes and show this stories through their bodies

Why is the Mona Lisa considered one of the bests

It is hard to know what really is going on, not usual beauty and personality

What is the Mona Lisa showing/saying

She doesn't show who she is or what she sees but her reaction to it she is reacting to the artist

Raphael celebrates the power of

Papacy

What is the idea of the deliverance of St. Peter

You can't keep a good pope down

What did Michelangelo mostly do

Sculpture

What are the unfinished works of Michelangelo and what are they called

Unfinished sculptures called the captives

Why are Michelangelo's sculpture works unfinished

Julius asked him to paint a ceiling (the Sistine Chapel)

Father of Venetian Art

Giovanni Bellini

Significance: Madonna of the Meadow

Foreshadows sin with the bird and Jesus dying on Mary’s lap. The city in the background called the fearful city because

What is the significance of Jesus with a woman caught in adultery

1. The eyes/stares lead the movement in the pictures. Even the old man whose back is to us looks to Jesus.

2. Everyone is looking at Jesus except the woman she looks at nobody lost in despair. Everyone else is looking at Jesus but he points to the woman showing his attention is on her showing the love Jesus is known for 3. And the man whose back is to us is the mediator he pulls us into the painting and invited us in

What does Giorgione bring to painting that is different

His paintings did not have a clear theme to viewers that we could know fs what his paintings were about

How did artist J. M. W Turner, reflect on this revolution through art?

He showed the positive and negative effects of the changing world.

Who depicted European life and why was it important

Bruegel he didn't romanticize it just showed it as it was harsh and depicted humanity through ordinary people

What religious thing led to Baroque

The church split by the reformation so they start painting to draw people back in to the church

How did the paintings draw people back to the church

Painting religious stories as relatable and relevant to ordinary people

What defines the Baroque period

Dramatic and dark, direction with lights

What was Toledo like and who did that benefit

Very religious perfect space for El Greco's religious art

Why is View of toledo mannerism

It isn't painted as he sees it but as he thinks it should be

To identify early renaissance look for

Proportional bodies, linear perspective, greek and roman mythological stories

To identify high renaissance look for

Religious classical subjects, idealized features

To identify northern renaissance look for

Unflattering honesty, intense realism and detail

To identify Italian Baroque look for

Counter reformation, contrast of light (dramatic)

To identify Dutch/Flemish Baroque look for

Domestic, not travelers, the life that they know

What is the main difference between Italian and Flemish/Dutch Baroque

Italian is catholic, dutch/flemish is protestant and domestic

To identify mannerism

Exaggerating proportions, vibrant color, dramatic emphasis, movement.

Mannerism was a

transition era

To identify rococo

The life of the noble, pastel color, sensuous, fluffy

To identify neoclassism

Stoicism, lack of emotion, stillness. In the painting but not the subject

To identify romanticism

Power of nature, industrial revolution

To identify realism

Daily lives of low class common people, only what they could touch or see was considered real

Vermeer's painting are quite..

Still, silent and light

What did Rubens really like to paint

Round bodies, folds in the skin, beautiful skin

Where did the French golden age happen

Rome

Why are Lorraine paintings easy to pick out

Roman influence

In Landscape with the father of psyche sacrificing at the temple of Apollo what is idyllic and what is imagined

The architecture is greek and roman and a return to it being imagined but he is showing the beauty of the world is idilic

How were French and British aristocrats different

The french were more interested in fantasies and light funny things

What does the phrase house of cards mean and reflect the rococo era

It means wasting time because the french aristocracy was swept away like a house of cards and also because they had time to waste

What was the French Revolution what was its impact on art

The French masses rose up and the nobility had their heads cut off, art became more political and less bright and fluffy like rococco

What did John Constable like to paint

What he loved: landscapes around his home

the hay wain significance

Shows an idyllic landscape of what is lost with the city the artist grew up in and his boyhood as he grew up. It is a side of romanticism that romanticizes what was and is now lost

What event changed art and culture in England

The industrial revolution

Why was the family of Charles IV a difficult painting for the artist

Because the family was ugly and unintelligent so he had to make their clothes the main point rather than their faces

What are Goya's black painting and what do they reflect

He saw the soul and what he saw was darkness and that's what he painted. A dark view of the world

Wealthy have always wanted their home____ so the Renaissance found new themes Paintings are not ____

Decorated, religous

The renaissance humanity is presented as

Dignified and responsible

Massacio brought _ to painting

perspective

How do pagan mythological stories relate well to Venice

Venice was a city of passion and pleasure but also a very beautiful also mystical one much like many pagan/mythological stories

Reubens was a painter of

energy

Neoclassicism Era

Classical subject matter and architecture were revived in this era. Paintings were smooth, with no visible brushstrokes showing. Composition had strong horizontals and verticals, with harmony and balance

First great female artist in the Italian Baroque

Gentileschi

Supreme Master of Flemish Baroque

Reubens

During the Baroque era, which Dutch artist prefers paintings of domestic scenes?

Vermeer (like the woman with the blue letter)

Artist compared artist to royalty and gods

Velazquez

Why did Rembrandt paint so many self-portraits?

To show emotions and his life and passing of time and experiment

Chiaroscuro reached its most dramatic form in the

Baroque

The Arnolfini Portrait significance

1. This uses oil paints which was new for the era, va neyck shows great mastery of the medium

2. Reflects the social status they wanted to maintain which at the time was by getting paintings

Significance of Judith and her Maid Servant

1. Shows the depiction of women by a woman which was rare at the time not as disgusted or vicious but calm and calculated more intelligent and composed

2. Comes from the story of Judith killed a man who had abused her and Gentileschi shares a similar story (of abuse not murder)

Significance of Peace and War

1. Shows reubens hope for peace and it's fragility. The bottom is peaceful the top keeping Mars god of war away

2. Reflects the time because it was painted during a conflict between spain and england who had been at war for years

Significance of the Bird Catchers

1. Shows the time of rococo where the nobility are shown to be careless and sensual living almost in a dream idealized world not showing the real world

2. Has the characteristics of rococo with fluffy light colors, sensualness, showing nature and nobility.

Significance of Madonna with the Long Neck

1. This shows mary with a long neck and limbs holding baby jesus whose proportions are also exaggerated, which is a characteristic of mannerism, exaggerating body proportions

2. It also shows dramatic emphasis with Madonna holding her hand to her chest and vibrant colors both also showing mannerism

Significance of Woman in Blue Holding a Letter

1. In dutch baroque they show life as they knew it since they weren’t travellers and drew more boring pictures of daily life life like a woman opening a letter

2. It also shows this because of the colors and composition it's not meant to be dramatic or overly interesting in anyway but showing the regular middle class