Autism Spectrum Disorder Flashcards

Flashcards for Abnormal Child Psychology PSY 338 Lecture Notes on Autism Spectrum Disorder

Selective Mutism (DSM-5)

Consistent failure to speak in specific social situations despite speaking in other situations, interfering with educational/occupational achievement or social communication, lasting at least 1 month, not due to lack of language knowledge, and not better explained by other disorders.

Psychodynamic Perspective of Selective Mutism

Views SM as a symptom of unconscious conflict, resolved through play therapy that provides developmentally appropriate communication of feelings in a supportive environment.

Efficacy (Treatment)

Effects in research under ideal/controlled conditions, using trained clinicians, structured Tx approaches, and patients screened for comorbidities.

Effectiveness (Treatment)

Real-world context of treatment, where therapists may not be specifically trained, the environment isn't controlled, and patients aren't selected.

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)

A scientific approach to behavior change using learning principles to create or decrease socially significant behaviors. Interventions are analytic, technological, systematic, and effective.

Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence (ABC)

A three-term contingency where Antecedent is directly prior to a behavior, Behavior is the child's response, and Consequence is the result affecting future behavior likelihood.

Reinforcement

Increases behavior; Positive reinforcement adds something desirable, Negative reinforcement removes something unpleasant.

Punishment

Decreases behavior; Positive punishment adds something unpleasant, Negative punishment removes something pleasurable.

Extinction

Removing something reinforcing that was previously there, leading to the child learning the behavior is no longer produces the desired outcome, and stops.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Atypical and impairing growth of the brain and central nervous system affecting learning, emotion, and memory; includes ASD, Intellectual Disability, Specific Learning Disabilities, ADHD, and Communication Disorders.

Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis

Neurodevelopmental disorders including Autism, ID, ADHD and schizophrenia are from a single spectrum and caused by environmental and genetic factors.

DSM-5 Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication, and stereotyped patterns of behaviors, interests, and activities with onset in early development.

Social Emotional Reciprocity

Sharing affect, interests, and emotions such as when a child looks at the clinician/parent to share excitement.

Screening for ASD

Should occur at well-child visits at 18 and 24 months.

Comorbidities with ASD

70-90% of individuals with ASD have 1+ comorbid mental disorders. Plus, they have physical health conditions.

ASD Early Intervention

Intensive and structured experiences may alter developing brains in beneficial was which can help social interactions.