Into to DH Thoery: Chapters 10, 13, 16

Comprehensive Question and Answer practice flashcards covering documentation, tooth numbering, extraoral/intraoral examinations, oral lesions, noncarious dental defects, trauma, and pulp vitality testing.

Within what time frame must handwritten dental records be completed?

Handwritten dental records must be completed within 24 hours.

How should an error in a handwritten dental record be corrected?

Place a single line through the error rather than erasing or removing it.

In what year was the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) enacted?

HIPAA was enacted in 1996.

What are the three types of safeguards required by the HIPAA Security Rule?

1. Administrative safeguards: Limit access to appropriate staff (WHO can access it).
2. Physical safeguards: Use storage systems and procedures that prevent unauthorized access (WHERE/HOW it is stored).
3. Technical safeguards: Use coding and encryption to control access (TECHNOLOGY protecting it).

How are permanent and primary teeth designated in the Universal Numbering System?

Permanent teeth are numbered 1–32 starting from the maxillary right to maxillary left, down to mandibular left, ending at mandibular right. Primary teeth are designated with uppercase letters A–T.

Which tooth-numbering systems and main features are summarized in this table?

Universal System (Permanent: 1–32, Primary: A–T, Feature: Numbers/letters continuously around mouth), FDI System (Permanent: Two digits, Primary: Two digits, Feature: 1st digit = quadrant; 2nd = tooth), and Palmer System (Permanent: 1–8, Primary: A–E, Feature: Uses quadrant symbols).

In the FDI / International Two-Digit System, which numbers represent adult vs. primary quadrants?

Adult quadrants are numbered 1–4, and primary quadrants are numbered 5–8.

How are teeth designated in the Palmer System?

Permanent teeth are numbered 1–8 in each quadrant starting from the midline toward the third molar. Primary teeth are designated with letters A–E in each quadrant. Quadrants are identified using vertical and horizontal lines.

What does each letter of the SOAP documentation acronym stand for?

S — Subjective: Information reported by the patient (what the patient says). O — Objective: Information the clinician can observe, measure, or verify. A — Assessment / Analysis: Clinician's assessment or analysis of findings (what findings mean). P — Procedures: Procedures provided or planned for the patient.

What are the five types of dental examinations and their purposes listed in this table?

1. Complete: Thorough summary of all components of assessment.
2. Screening: Brief, preliminary examination for a specific purpose.
3. Limited: Brief examination for an emergency/acute condition.
4. Follow-up: Checks healing following treatment.
5. Continuing care/reevaluation: Reassesses patient after a specific period of time.

What are the four types of palpation used during extraoral and intraoral examinations?

1. Digital: Using 1 finger.
2. Bidigital: Using finger and thumb of the SAME hand.
3. Bimanual: Using fingers/thumbs from BOTH hands working together.
4. Bilateral: Using BOTH hands examining corresponding structures on opposite sides at the same time.

What are the three types of oral mucosa and their anatomical locations?

1. Masticatory mucosa: Keratinized; covers gingiva and hard palate.
2. Lining mucosa: NOT keratinized; covers lips, cheeks, floor of mouth, underside/ventral surface of tongue, soft palate, and alveolar mucosa.
3. Specialized mucosa: Dorsum of tongue; contains filiform, fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate papillae.

What are the three types of blisterform elevated lesions and their physical descriptions?

1. Vesicle: More or less than 1 cm; contains serum/mucin; may appear white.
2. Pustule: More or less than 5 mm; contains pus; often yellowish.
3. Bulla: More than 1 cm; fluid-filled; may contain mucin, serum or blood.

What are the four nonblisterform elevated lesions and their diagnostic criteria?

1. Papule: Under 5 mm; pointed, rounded or flat-topped.
2. Nodule: More than 5 mm but less than 1 cm.
3. Tumor: 2 cm or more; means swelling/enlargement, not necessarily cancer.
4. Plaque: Slightly raised, broad flat top; usually larger than 5 mm; "pasted-on" appearance.

What is the physical difference between a pedunculated lesion and a sessile lesion?

A pedunculated lesion is attached by a narrow stalk, whereas a sessile lesion has a base as wide as the lesion itself.

How is a dental ulcer differentiated from an erosion?

An ulcer represents a loss of continuity of the epithelium (center often gray to yellow with a red border). An erosion is a shallow depression that does not extend through the epithelium into underlying tissue.

What are the five basic clinical appearances of early oral cancer?

1. White areas (e.g., leukoplakia)
2. Red areas (e.g., erythroplakia)
3. Ulcers
4. Masses
5. Pigmentation

What is the general timeline rule for considering a biopsy on an unidentified oral lesion?

A biopsy should be considered for any lesion that cannot be identified or that has not healed within 2 weeks.

How do hypoplasia, attrition, erosion, and abrasion differ according to this comparison table?

1. Hypoplasia: Main Cause = Disturbance during enamel formation; Key Clue = Enamel defect.
2. Attrition: Main Cause = Tooth-to-tooth; Key Clue = Polished/flattened wear.
3. Erosion: Main Cause = Chemical/acid; Key Clue = Smooth, shiny; poorly defined margins.
4. Abrasion: Main Cause = Mechanical force; Key Clue = V/wedge shaped; defined margins.

What are the definitions of concussion, subluxation, luxation, intrusion, extrusion, and avulsion?

• Concussion: Sensitive to percussion but NOT loose or displaced. • Subluxation: Loose WITHOUT displacement. • Luxation: Loose WITH displacement. • Intrusion: Tooth is displaced INTO the alveolar bone. • Extrusion: Tooth is partially displaced OUT of the socket. • Avulsion: Complete displacement of the tooth OUT of its socket.

Which bacteria are primarily associated with Early Childhood Caries (ECC)?

Mutans streptococci and Lactobacilli.

How do thermal and electrical pulp testing methods compare in application and diagnostic value?

Thermal testing uses hot/cold stimuli to help distinguish pulp response by comparing with a healthy control tooth as the patient reports sensation/pain. Electrical testing uses an electrical stimulus primarily to indicate vital vs. nonvital pulp by comparing with control teeth as the patient signals when sensation occurs.

What do specific patient responses during thermal pulp testing indicate regarding pulp status?

• No response → Necrotic pulp • Lingering pain after stimulus removed → Irreversible pulpitis • Pain goes away promptly → Reversible pulpitis