amstud unit 2

corporate colonies

operated using joint stock companies (granted with charter from british), usually became royal colonies later on. (ex: Jamestown)

Royal colonies

colonies directly controlled by the King (ex: virginia after 1624).

proprietary colonies

Under authority of people that were granted ownership by the king. (Ex: maryland lord baltimore, pennsylvania william penn)

Jamestown

In 1607, the first permanent English colony in America . Founded by charter to Virginia Company, led by John rolfe an Pocahontas that developed tobacco growing. Eventually went bankrupt and became a royal colony (virginia).

john smith

Organized Jamestown and imposed a harsh law "He who will not work shall not eat". Brought the colony out of famine and chaos

headright system

used to recruit settlers; provided 50 acres of land to anyone who paid for passage for a settler to the colony.

Plymouth colony/separatists (pilgrims)

radical dissenters wanted to separate from the church so they left England on the Mayflower. Created the mayflower compact to govern themselves (early democracy).

Great migration

Movement of settlers led by winthrop to the Massachusetts bay colony.

Cecil Calvert (lord baltimore)

Founded maryland (proprietary). Promoted religions tolerance through the acts of toleration

Maryland Act of toleration

Granted religious freedom to Christians in Maryland. Made because of conflict between catholics and protestants

New England

Founded mainly for religious reasons. Fishing, ports, lumber, trade. town meetings and government mainly controlled by religion. Emphasis on education.
new hampshire, maine, massachusetts, conneticut, rhode island

Roger williams

Banned from boston due to his idea that people should be able to believe what they want (individual conscience not controlled by church). Fled to rhode island and founded providence. Recognised rights of natives and allowed religious freedom.

Anne Hutchinson

Puritan dissident that believe in antinomianism (just need faith to receive salvation) and founded portsmouth

Halfway covenant

second generation puritans who weren't fully converted could be partial members of the church.

William Penn

A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution.

James Oglethorpe/Georgia

Granted charter to protect from spanish and send debtors. The colony had a lot of trouble so it was taken over by the British (royal colony) and adopted plantation system.

Virginia House of Burgesses

1st elected legislated assembly in american colonies. lays foundation of represantive government in america.

Mayflower compact

A legal contract in which they agreed to have fair laws to protect the general good

Triangular trade

A three way system of trade during 1600-1800s Africa sent slaves to America, America sent Raw Materials to Europe, and Europe sent manufactured goods to Africa

mercantilism

an economic policy in which nations tried to gain wealth by controlling trade and establishing colonies. export more than import

Navigation acts

Implemented by england to control colonial trade' resticted trade to england only

Salutary neglect

An English policy of not strictly enforcing laws in its colonies

Dominion of New England

King James II wanted to increase control over colonies by combining them into larger entities and removing assemblies. Andros Combines NY, NJ and other colonies, levy taxes, limited assembly, and revoked land.

Glorious Revolution

Response to the Dominion of New England- colonists remove Andros and go back to their colonies.

Metacom's war (king philip's war)

Native Americans battle New England colonies; Wampanoag united tribes to go agains colonist for enroaching on their land; natives that didnt like them sided with colonists. It was one of the deadliest wars in colonial American history in terms of proportion of population killed. The defeat marked the end of most organized Native resistance in New England and led to expanded colonial settlement.

Bacon's Rebellion (1676)

A rebellion led by Nathaniel Bacon, a western Virginia farmer, against the government of Governor William Berkeley. Bacon was upset because of little protection from native attacks. He raised an army of volunteers and led raids and massacres agains native villages, burning Jamestown. exposed class tensions between wealthy elites and poor farmers and led to a shift toward greater use of enslaved African labor instead of indentured servants.

Pueblo Revolt (pope's rebellion)

Native American revolt against the Spanish for agressive conversion to christianity. Spanish were driven away until 1692, when they regain control but with less aggression.

Indentured servants

Colonists who received free passage to North America (paid by landowner) in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years. temporary labor

First Great Awakening

Religious revival in the colonies in 1730s and 1740s; George Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards preached a message of atonement for sins by admitting them to God. The movement attempted to combat the growing secularism and rationalism of mid-eighteenth century America. Religious splits in the colonies became deeper. Made people make their own choices abt religion which led to democracy.

Johnathan Edwards

An American theologian and congregational clergyman whose sermons stirred the religious revival (Great Awakening); known for sinners in the hands of an angry god sermon.

George Whitefield

Credited with starting the Great Awakening, also a leader of the "New Lights." traveled through the colonies and preached that ordinary people could understand gospels without ministers to guide them.

Old Lights, New Lights

Great awakening caused splits in some denominations; opponents vs supporters of emotionalism (more feeling instead of orderly worship) and the great awakening.

Ben Franklin

Most popular writer; wrote poor richards almanack

Phillis Wheatley

American poet (born in Africa). Wrote poems over her triumph from slavery.

John Peter Zenger

Journalist who questioned the policies of the governor of New York in the 1700's. He was jailed; he sued, and this court case was the basis for our freedom of speech and press. He was found not guilty. Encouraged newspapers to criticize the government.

American Enlightenment

An intellectual movement in the 18th century that emphasized reason, science, individual rights, and skepticism of traditional authority. Influenced by john locke. Encouraged ideas of natural rights, popular sovereignty.

John Locke/ natural rights

English philosopher that reasoned that the government is bound to natural laws based on human rights. Argued that sovereignty should be with the people and citizens had a right to revolt against governments that didnt protect these rights. Provided rationale for american revolution and constitution.

Masachusetts bay colony/puritans

Believed that the church could be reformed; persecuted and granted charter to make colony. of small towns and family farms. city on a hill

John winthrop

Puritan governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony. Speaker of "City upon a hill" (a model of christian charity)

quakers

believed that religious authority was found in the individuals not the bible or outside sources. considered the most radical