Ventricular Arrhythmias and ACLS Review

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering Basic Life Support, Advanced Cardiac Life Support algorithms, ventricular arrhythmias, and pharmacotherapeutic treatments as presented in the lecture.

How much compressions should you do?

100-120 compressions/min

How deep should you push down on the chest during CPR?

At least 2 inches

What does ventricular tachycardia originates from?

Ventricular automaticity focus

What originates from ventricular automaticity focus (irritable foci)?

Ventricular tachycardia

What is the ventricular rate typically in ventricular tachycardia?

120-250 bpm

What are the symptoms caused by in ventricular tachycardia?

Decreased cardiac output

What Originates from many weak ectopic foci in the ventricles?

Ventricular Fibrillation

What is the ventricular rate in Ventricular Fibrillation?

350 - 450 bpm

What can ventricular fibrillation result in?

Sudden cardiac death

What is the treatment of torsades de pointes?

IV magnesium

What appears as a flat line?

Asystole

Which is Torsades is a form of this rhythm.

Vtach

Which is This is the more life-threatening rhythm.

VFib

Which is Can have a regular or irregular rhythm?

Vtach

Which is Usually occurs due to irritable ventricular foci?

Both

What are the 5 H’s?

Hypovolemia, hypoxia, hydrogen ions, hypo/hyperkalemia, hypothermia

What are the 5 T’s?

Toxin/Tablets, tamponade, tension pneumothorax, thrombosis pulmonary, thrombosis coronary

How is tension pneumothorax managed?

Needle decompression or insertion of chest tube

How is tamponade managed?

Pericardiocentesis

How is toxins managed?

Specific antidotes for toxins

How is pulmonary thrombosis managed?

Fibrinolysis with t-PA

How is coronary thrombosis managed?

initiation of MI protocol

How is hypovolemia managed?

Bolus fluids, pressors

How is hypoxia managed?

Oxygenation, ventilation, advanced airway

How is hydrogen ions managed?

Sodium bicarbonate

How is hyper/hypokalemia managed?

Calcium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, regular insulin/dextrose

How is hypothermia managed?

Warm fluids

When can defibrillation occur?

If treatment is shockable rhythm

Is pulseless ventricular tachycardia shockable or nonshockable?

shockable

Is pulseless electrical activity shockable or nonshockable?

nonshockable

What medications used for cardiac arrest?

Epinephrine, Amiodarone, Lidocaine, Vasopressin

What medications used for stable tachycardia?

Adenosine, Procainamide, Amiodarone

What medications used for adjunctive meds?

Magnesium, sodium bicarbonate, thrombolytics

What medications used for bradycardia?

Atropine, Dopamine, Epinephrine

What is the goal of epinephrine?

augment low coronary and cerebral perfusion pressures

What is the indication of epinephrine?

All pulseless rhythms

What is the dosing for epinephrine?

1 mg IV/IO every 3-5 min

What drug has the purpose to raise the fibrillation threshold?

Amiodarone

What is the initial dose of Amiodarone?

300 mg bolus IVP

What happens if another dose of amiodarone is needed, what is the dosing?

150 mg bolus IVP 3-5 minutes

What drug is the alternative for amiodarone in cardiac arrest?

Lidocaine

What is the first dose for lidocaine?

1-1.5 mg/kg IV/IO

What is the second dose for lidocaine?

0.5-0.75 mg/kg IV/IO

What drug is used for torsades de pointes?

magnesium

What drug is used for acidosis?

Sodium bicarbonate

Which drug is used for MI or PE?

Thrombolytics

How is magnesium administered?

IV

What dose for magnesium?

1-2 g

What can magnesium cause if administered fast?

Hypotension & asystole

What is the preferred route for giving drugs during a cardiac event?

Intravenous

What is administered drugs directly into bone marrow?

Intraosseous

What is the last resort if IV/IO is unavailable?

Endotracheal

What is Neuroprotective. Decreases cerebral metabolic rate and O2 demand. Decreases reperfusion injury?

targeted temperature management

What are ADRs for targeted temperature management?

Arrhythmia, electrolyte disorder, hyperglycemia, decreased drug clearance, coagulation disorder, infection, shivering

What drugs causes bradycardia?

BB, non-DHP CCBs, digoxin

What class is atropine?

acetylcholine receptor antagonist

What is the dosing for atropine?

1mg bolus, repeated every 3-5 minutes

What drug is the first line therapy for bradycardia?

Atropine

What is the maximum dose of atropine?

3mg

What is the dosing for dopamine for b1 receptor agonist?

5-10 mcg/kg/min

What is caused by Severe electrolyte abnormalities, hypoxia, drug toxicity, setting of myocardial infarction or acute heart failure?

Stable tachycardia

What is cardioversion or adenosine?

Emergent

What is Monitor and consult cardiologist, consider medications?

Non-emergent

What is the indication for adenosine?

Supraventricular tachycardia

What drug treats Supraventricular tachycardia?

Adenosine

What drug has the MOA that Slows conduction through the AV node?

Adenosine

What is the indication of Procainamide?

Ventricular tachycardia

What drug has the indication of Ventricular tachycardia?

Procainamide

What drug should be avoided in Heart failure?

Procainamide

What is the dosing for amiodarone for stable tachycardia?

150 mg IV over 10 min

What is second-line drugs to prevent occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias?

Anti-arrhythmic

What type of anti-arrhythmic drug is recommended to prevent ventricular arrhythmias?

Class III

What is used to prevent sudden cardiac death (SCD) from recurrent VT or VF?

Implantable cardioverters defibrillators