period 1 (1491-1607)

Flashcards for reviewing lecture notes

Bartolome de Las Casas

Favored better treatment for Native Americans.

Reasons for justifying treatment of Africans and Natives

Based on perceived white superiority, religious beliefs, and the view that they were 'uncivilized'.

Native American Autonomy

Natives sought to preserve independence and self-rule in the face of European influence.(INDEPENDENCE)

African Adaptation in the Western Hemisphere

Combined Christianity with African religions and formed maroon communities made up of runaway slaves to preserve autonomy.

Maize

Significant food source that enabled European exploration through contact and trade. Established in present-day southwestern us, entire civilizations were built around it

European Exploration Goals

Wealth, status, and to spread Christianity.(the 3 G’s) Gold,Glory, and God

Native American and African Resistance

Sought to preserve some level of autonomy.

One impact of colonization on Native Americans.

Colonization brought over diseases which killed many Native Americans.

One impact of colonization on Europeans.

Europeans gained more food such as potatoes and Corn from natives in return they gave natives tools and diseases.

Maize (Corn)

Significant food source in present-day Southwestern US; entire civilizations were built around it.

Great Basin and Plains Natives

Predominantly hunters due to a lack of natural resources.

Northeast US Natives

Practiced a mix of agriculture and hunting.

Technological Improvements Promoting Contact and Trade

Sextant and Joint-stock companies.

Columbian Exchange

Exchange of goods, ideas, people, and diseases between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Also brought salves to the new world.

Impact of Columbian Exchange on Europe

Population growth due to new foods and a shift from feudalism to capitalism.

Impact of Columbian Exchange on Natives

Diseases killed many, and horses and guns transformed their way of life. (Hunting and warfare)

Impact of Columbian Exchange on Africans

Increase in the slave trade, particularly by the Portuguese and Spanish in West Africa.

Mestizo

Mixed Spanish and Native ancestry.

Mulatto

Mixed Spanish and African ancestry

Sextant

Early navigation device determines latitude and longitude like GPS

First European settlement in America

St.augustine FL

The New World

one of the names used for the Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas (including nearby islands such as those of the Caribbean and Bermuda).

Encomienda system(16th century)

Basically the forced and demanded labor of natives, forced to abandon their native religious practices (spanish tried to convert natives to christianity)

Cultivation

the act of preparing and using land for growing crops

Feudalism

a system where people are given land in exchange for military service and loyalty to a higher-ranking person, often a lord or king

Capitalism

An economic system where individuals or private Entities own the means of production like businesses and operate them for profit. Essentially, it's a system where private businesses compete to make and sell goods and services to consumers, driving economic activity

Populous

Having a large population

Irrigation

Artificial application of water to support plant growth processes used a lot by natives

Joint system companies (16th-17th centuries)

a business venture where investors pool their money by purchasing shares, with the amount of shares they own determining their share of profits and influence in company decisions. These companies were crucial to European colonization, especially in the Americas, as they enabled larger groups of investors to fund expeditions and settlements. 

Asiento system

a Spanish colonial practice where the Spanish crown granted other European powers and private individuals the monopoly to supply enslaved Africans to the Spanish colonies in the Americas. This system facilitated the transatlantic slave trade and allowed European powers to participate in the lucrative sugar and plantation economies of the Spanish colonies.

Roanoke

also known as the Lost Colony, was an early English settlement attempt on Roanoke Island, North Carolina, in the late 16th century. Founded in 1585 and 1587, the colony mysteriously disappeared by 1590, leaving behind only the word "CROATOAN" carved on a tree. The fate of the 112-121 colonists remains a historical mystery, sparking numerous theories about what happened to them

what happened in 1491

Christopher Columbus claims the islands of Hispaniola and Cuba for Spain

What did Spain establish in 1512

Encomienda system

Christopher Columbus

An Italian explorer who stumbled upon the new work after convincing the Spanish monarches that he could sail across the Atlantic to India

Crops introduced to Europe by natives

Potatoes, tomatoes, and corn

Crops introduced to natives by Europeans

Wheat, rice, and grapes

When did Christopher Columbus claims the islands of Hispaniola and Cuba for Spain.

1491

When did Spair establishes the encomienda system

1512

When did Herman Cortes invades Mexico

1519

When did the The First ship of slaves from Africa arrives in the Americas

1525