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tone
attitude of the narrator or speaker
diction
word choice
Mode
what is the form of the text? [Text only?] [Multimodal = text & visual, for example]
Imperative language
an authoritative command
allusion
a reference to something outside of the text, e.g. history, literature, culture
metaphor
direct comparison of an object to something else
simile
indirect comparison of an object to something else (uses "like" or "as")
personification
human-like description of a non-human object
pathetic fallacy
The attribution of human emotions or characteristics to inanimate objects or to nature; for example angry clouds; a cruel wind.
visual imagery
descriptive language that appeals to the sense of sight
auditory imagery
details that appeal to the sense of sound
gustatory imagery
imagery descriptions that invoke the sense of taste
olfactory imagery
descriptive language that appeals to the sense of smell
kinesthetic imagery
language that creates a sense of motion
symbol
something that stands for an abstract idea
alliteration
Repetition of consonant sounds (not aeiou) at the beginning of words
assonance
Repetition of vowel sounds
consonance
Repetition of consonant sounds (middle or end)
sibilance
hissing sounds represented by s, z, sh
rhyme
A pattern of the repetition of sounds at the end of words
cacophony
Harsh sounds (opposite of rhyme and melody)
onomatopoeia
A word that imitates the sound it represents.
repetition
again and again! Anything can be repeated: words, lines, techniques, sounds, metaphors, symbols, etc.
anaphora
The repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses.
enjambment
A run-on line of poetry in which logical and grammatical sense carries over from one line into the next.
endstop
the poetic line which ends with a punctuation mark
caesura
A pause or sudden break within a line of poetry
verbal irony
saying one thing but meaning another
dramatic irony
Irony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play.
juxtaposition
Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts
hyperbole
An exaggeration
paradox
A statement that seems contradictory but actually contains a hidden truth
oxymoron
A combination of contradictory terms, Awfully good
syntax
Arrangement of words in phrases and sentences
asyndeton
Leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses.
rhetorical question
A question asked merely for effect with no answer expected.
internal monologue
Private sensations, thoughts, and emotions of a character
dramatic monologue
text in which a speaker addresses a silent listener
foil character
A character who is used as a contrast to another character; the contrast emphasises the differences between the two characters, bringing out the distinctive qualities in each.
characterization
Actions, dialogue, and narrative description that reveal a sense of a character's personality to the reader.
Charactonym
when a character's name defines the personality traits [Ex: "Sir Toby Belch", from Twelfth Night; "Boo" from To Kill a Mockingbird]
Foreshadowing
Flashback
Cliffhanger
Cumulative Sentence
Sentence structure where the main clause is followed by dependent/partial clauses, adding information and creating a more complex and nuanced sentence.
Epigraph
Quote at begining which hints at the theme
Epistrophe
Repetition of word or phrase at end of sentence
Extended Metaphor
Metaphor talked in detail
Hypophora
Ask Q and immediatelly answers it
Motif
Suspense
Tautology
involves saying the same thing twice, but phrasing it differently the second time.
so gently you came rapping and so faintly you came tapping
animal personification on humans
Vignette
A short, descriptive scene that focuses on a particular moment or aspect of a larger story
