Part 2 vocab AP African American History

Syncretic

• Blending of different regions, beliefs or cultural traditions into one (Most african religions)

Most traditional african religions included:

• Totemism

• Shamanism

• Veneration of relics

• Ancestor worship

Cosmologies

• the study of the origin, large-scale structure, and fate of the universe

Islam

• African societies to Islam (e.g., in Mali and Songhai)

• Introduced in the 7th century by Gold and Salt trades (Mana Musa)

Christianity

• Kongo teaches this religion…

• Arrived in Africa 100-200 CE

• Slowly spreaded west from Alexandria and East Ethiopia.

• displaced with another religion in 700 CE

• ¼ of descendants in america came from this religion societies in Africa

Veneration

• The act of honoring and worshiping sacred objects or ancestors, often seen in various African traditions and religions.

Griots

• Traditional West African storytellers and musicians who preserve and transmit oral history, genealogies, and traditions through their performances.

Animistic

The belief that objects,places and creaturs have a spirtual essence.

Indigenous

• Relating to the original inhabitants of a region, often referring to native cultures and traditions.

Divination

• the ancient and widespread practice of seeking hidden knowledge, guidance, or future events through supernatural, spiritual, or symbolic means

Voodoo

• A religion that developed among africans in the caribbean, especially haiti combining west african spiritual beliefs with the elements for christianity

Vodun

• A west african religion, especially associated with the Fon people of benin, centered on spirits, ancestors and supreme creator.

Regala de Ochalfa

• An Afro-cuban religion that combines Yoruba beliefs and Orishas with Catholic traditions often identifying Orishas with Catholic saints

Candomblé

• An afro Brazilian religion based mainly on west African Yoruba, Fon, and bantu beliefs, focused on worship of orishas and other spirits

Great Zimbabwe

• Known for its large stone architecture, which offered military defense and served as a hub for long distance trade.

• Site for religious and administrative activities and the conical tower likely served as a granary

• Stone ruins a important symbol of prominences, authomy, and agricultural advancements of the shona kinds in early african socities.

Zimbabwe

• Flourished in from the 12th-15th century

• The kingdom was linked to trade on the swahili coast and its inhabitants, the shona people became wealthy from its gold, ivory and cattle resources

Shona

• A group of related african peoples in southeastern African who built and controlled Great Zimbabwe and surrounding kingdoms

Great Enclosure

• The largest stone structure at great zimbabwe, believed to have been an important political, religious and ceremonial center

Swahili Coast (swahili bantu language)

• The arabic word for (coast) stretches from somalia to Mozambique

• The coastal location of its city- states linked Africa’s interior to Arab, Persian, Indian, and Chinese trading communities.

• Practices islam

• Vasco da Gama visited east african on his way to india and tried to take over all trade in the indian ocean, portuguese invaded east african and it led to swahili decline.

Kongo

• A historical kingdom located in west-central Africa, known for its complex political structure and trade networks that involved Europe and the Americas.

• Primary Goods: Ivory,Salt,copper and textiles

Kinship

• Famila Bonds

Iyoba

(Queen mother)

Queen Idia

• Relied on spiritual power and medicinal knowledge to bring victories to Benin.

• First Iyomba (Mother queen)

• became an iconic symbol of Black women’s leadership throughout the African diaspora in 1977 when an ivory mask of her face was adopted as the symbol for FESTAC (Second Festival of Black Arts and Culture).

African Catholicism

A blending of catholic christianity and african beliefs and traditions, creating forms of christianity to adapt african culture.

King Nzinga Nkuwu (João 1)

• Worked with the Portuguese in slave trade and tried to stop portuguese from controlling slave trade

• The father of Afosno 1

• He played a crucial role in strengthening Kongo's power and influence during his reign. Established diplomatic relations with Portugal, promoting trade and cultural exchange.

Nzinga Mbemba (Afonso 1)

• Helped convert people into roman catholicism

• Look on his fathers legacy in ruling Kongo

Benin

• A powerful west african kingdom known for its bronze artwork,trade and strong centralized government

Ndongo

• became the first large

  group of enslaved Africans to arrive

  in the American colon

Queen Njinga

• Became queen of the kingdoms of Ndongo and Matamba

Guerilla warfare

• A military strategy using small, mobile groups and surprise attacks; Queen njinga used this against the portuguese

Lisbon

• Liberan port city

• the capital of Portugal

Seville

• Liberan port city

• free and enslaved Africans served in roles ranging from domestic labor to boatmen, guards, entertainers, vendors, and knights.

Chafariz d’El Rey

• A significant historical site in Lisbon, used as a royal palace and as a focal point for the African slave trade. It played a vital role in the maritime history of Portugal.

Cabo Verde

• Atlantic island that portuguese colonized

São Tomé

• Atlantic island colonized by portuguese