Wilkins Chapter 5 Infection Control

Rubeola is caused by which pathogen?

A) Measles virus (morbillivirus)

B) Candida albicans

C) Mumps virus (paramyxovirus)

D) Bordatella pertussis

E) Epstein-Barr virus

A) Measles virus (morbillivirus)

Candidiasis is the most common oral lesion associated with HIV infection.

A) True

B) False

A) True

Oral candidiasis is a fungal infection that is the most common oral lesion associated with HIV infection.

There is a worldwide effective vaccination against herpes virus diseases.

A) True

B) False

B) False

In oral hairy leukoplakia, __________ replicates within epithelial cells.

A) EBV

B) VZV

C) CMV

D) HHV-8

E) HSV-1

A) EBV

Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting the transmission of tuberculosis?

A) Type of exposure

B) Duration of exposure

C) Degree to which the infected person produces droplets

D) Susceptibility of the recipient

E) whether the disease has penetrated the infected individual's lymph nodes

E) whether the disease has penetrated the infected individual's lymph nodes

A patient with oral herpes may receive dental hygiene treatment as long as the lesion is crusted.

A) True

B) False

B) False

Dental hygiene treatment should be postponed for a patient with an active oral herpes lesion.

Herpetic whitlow is a herpes simplex infection that occurs at what location?

A) Lips

B) Eyes

C) Genitals

D) Fingers

E) Attached gingiva

D) Fingers

Herpetic whitlow is a herpes infection of the fingers

Airborne infection can be controlled or limited by which of the following means?

A) Limitation of infectious agents at their source

B) Interruption of transmission

C) Protection of susceptible host

D) Standard precautions

E) All of these

E) All of these

Airborne infection can be controlled or limited by limitation of infectious agents at their source, interruption of transmission, protection of a susceptible host, and the use of standard precautions.

Infection with cytomegalovirus is a serious complication of which disease?

A) AIDS

B) Parkinson's disease

C) Oral cancer

D) HSV2

E) Chickenpox

A) AIDS

A patient presents to the dental hygiene clinic with painful vesicular lesions on the gingiva, mucosa, and tongue; and lymphadenopathy. The patient has had trouble eating and pharyngitis for the past five (5) days. The patient is most likely experiencing which condition?

A) Herpetic gingivostomatitis

B) Herpetic whitlow

C) Candidiasis

D) Chickenpox

E) Oral ulcerations NDS

A) Herpetic gingivostomatitis

Herpetic gingivostomatitis causes painful oral ulcers on the gingiva, mucosa, and tongue, and may involve the pharyngeal area. Patients will experience lymphadenopathy and pharyngivitis for 2-7 days.

Which of the following is not a link in the chain of disease transmission?

A) Reservoir

B) Transmission

C) Susceptible host

D) Serum

E) Infectious agent

D) Serum

Chickenpox and shingles are both caused by what infectious agent?

A) TB

B) CMV

C) EBV

D) HIV

E) VZV

E) VZV

Chickenpox and shingles are both caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV).

Inanimate surfaces with blood containing HCV is a significant risk for transmission in the health care setting.

A) True

B) False

B) False

Hepatitis C is transmitted via fecal-oral route and is not present blood. Thus, inanimate surfaces with blood from a patient infected with HCV are not a significant risk for transmission.

Which of the following pathogens is transmissible by the oral cavity?

A) Mycobacterium tuberculosis

B) VZV

C) HEV

D)EBV

E) All of these

E) All of these

Periodontal infections do not progress faster in a patient with an HIV infection than in a healthy patient.

A) True

B) False

B) False

Periodontal infections will progress faster in a patient with HIV infection than in a healthy patient.

Children in day care facilities have a high risk of contacting which infection?

A) Cytomegalovirus

B) HIV

C) EBV

D) Shingles

E) E) Herpes simplex virus type 1

A) Cytomegalovirus

Cytomegalovirus is commonly contracted by young children in day care facilities.

Many of the salivary bacteria in the oral cavity comes from the dorsum of the tongue.

A) True

B) False

A) True

Many of the salivary bacteria come from the dorsum of the tongue.

Atypical gingival changes may be an initial indicator of undiagnosed HIV infection.

A) True

B) False

A) True

(1) HSV-2 causes shingles. (2) Antiviral drug therapy can suppress HSV-2 lesions in the oral cavity.

A) Both statements are true.

B) Both statements are false.

C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

Although antiviral drug therapy can suppress the occurrence of HSV-2 lesions in the oral cavity, HSV-2 does not cause shingles.

Flu-like symptoms associated with HIV infection may appear for a few weeks during which stage of infection?

A) Incubation period

B) Acute HIV infection

C) clinical latency

D) Late-stage AIDS disease

E) AIDS indicating conditions

B) Acute HIV infection

Which of the following is considered an AIDS-defining lesion?

A) Kapsoi's sarcoma

B) Oral hairy leukoplakia

C) Ulcerative stomatitis

D) Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

E) Candidiasis

A) Kapsoi's sarcoma

Any dental professional with a persistent cough for more than 3 weeks should seek medical attention for a possible TB infection.

A) True

B) False

A) True

If an oral heath professional experiences a persistent cough for more than 3 weeks they should seek medical attention for possible exposure to TB and a potential TB infection.

Herpes simplex type 1 and herpes simplex type 2 have been indicated in the development of oral cancer.

A) True

B) False

B) False

Herpes simplex type 1 has been indicated in oral cancer. Herpes simplex type 2 has been indicated in the development of cervical cancer.

Which of the following are AIDS indicating conditions?

A) TB

B) Kaposi's sarcoma

C) Toxoplasmosis

D) HIV Wasting syndrome

E) All of these

E) All of these

What cells are the primary target for HIV infection?

A) Macrophages

B) Lymphocytes

C) T-cells

D) Erythrocytes

E) Leukocytes

C) T-cells

(1) Herpes viruses have been detected in periodontitis pockets. (2) Sulcular epithelium can serve as a reservoir for these viruses.

A) Both statements are true.

B) Both statements are false.

C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

A) Both statements are true.

Most of the salivary bacteria in the oral cavity are found on the ventral surface of the tongue.

A) True

B) False

B) False

Which of the following will transfer TB?

A) Coughing

B) Sneezing

C) Speaking

D) Singing

E) All of these

E) All of these

Dental professionals with accurate and current evidence-based information can provide HIV-infected patients with treatment and support through community health programs.

A) True

B) False

A) True

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes which disease?

A) AIDS

B) Kaposi's sarcoma

C) Oral cancer

D) Cytomegalovirus (CMS)

E) Mononucleosis

A) AIDS

The HBV vaccination will also prevent infection from hepatitis D.

A) True

B) False

A) True

The HBV vaccination will also prevent infection from hepatitis D because HDV is a co-infection with HBV.

Encephalitis and febrile seizures are a complication of which herpes virus?

A) Herpes lymphotropic virus

B) Cytomegalovirus (CMS)

C) Epstein-Barr virus

D) Herpes simplex virus type 2

E) Human herpes virus 7

A) Herpes lymphotropic virus

A patient lists zidovudine in the medications section of their health history form. The dental hygienist should know this patient takes the medication for what condition?

A) HHV-7

B) HIV

C) KRSV

D) CMA

E) HSV-1

B) HIV

The HBV vaccination will not prevent infection from other hepatitis viruses.

A) True

B) False

B) False

The HBV vaccination will also prevent infection from hepatitis D because HDV is a co-infection with HBV.

AIDS occurs when the CD4+ lymphocyte cell count falls below

A) 700

B) 500

C) 350

D) 200

E) 75

D) 200

HBV is transmissible on inanimate surfaces.

A) True

B) False

A) True

Periodontal disease presents more severely in conjunction with HIV infection.

A) True

B) False

A) True

During this stage of HIV infection, the CD4+ lymphocytes will range from 200-499 cells.

A) incubation period

B) acute HIV infection

C) Clinical latency

D) late-stage disease

E) AIDS indicating conditions

C) Clinical latency

Patients with HIV/AIDS are protected by the Americans with Disabilities Act.

A) True

B) False

A) True

Hepatitis D, the delta hepatitis virus, can cause infection without the presence of another Hepatitis infection.

A) True

B) False

B) False

Hepatitis D is a co-infection with hepatitis B.

A patient lists ritonavir in the medications section of their health history form. The dental hygienist should know this patient takes the medication for what condition?

A) HHV7

B) HIV

C) KSRV

D) CMS

E) HSV-1

B) HIV

Manifestations of HIV range from mild abnormalities in immune response without apparent signs and symptoms to a variety of life-threatening infections and malignant conditions.

A) True

B) False

A) True

Which transmissible disease is associated with periapical pathosis and increased severity in periodontal diseases?

A) VZV

B) KSRV

C) HHV7

D) TB

E) CMV

E) CMV

(1) Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis is typically asymptomatic. (2) Full-blown herpetic gingivostomatitis presents with widespread oral ulcers that may involve the pharyngeal area.

A) Both statements are true.

B) Both statements are false.

C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

A) Both statements are true.

Without treatment, people with AIDS may only survive __________.

A) less than 1 year

B) 6 months

C) 3 years

D) 5 years

E) 6 years

C) 3 years

Two doses of the zoster vaccine are recommended during childhood to prevent chickenpox.

A) True

B) False

B) False

The zoster vaccine is recommended for adults 50 years and older to prevent shingles.

The presence of HIV related oral manifestations does not serve as a marker of disease progression.

A) True

B) False

B) False

What do most rapid and home tests for HIV do?

A) Look for HIV antibodies

B) Perform T-cell counts

C) Perform viral load counts

D) Look for HIV in the blood

E) Detect the presence of OIs

A) Look for HIV antibodies

(1) Herpes virus-positive periodontitis lesions involving CMV, EBV, and other herpes viruses have higher levels of periodontopathic bacteria. (2) The actual mechanisms surrounding the involvement of EBV and CMV in periodontitis are unclear.

A) Both statements are true.

B) Both statements are false.

C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

A) Both statements are true.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease caused by the infection of what virus?

A) HIV

B) KSRV

C) HH7

D) CMV

E) None of these

A) HIV

Which of the following symptoms occurs in patients with AIDS?

A) Fever

B) Weight loss

C) Swollen lymph nodes

D) Muscle wasting

E) All of these

E) All of these

CD4+ lymphocyte counts at more than 500 occur during which stage of HIV infection?

A) Incubation period

B) Acute HIV infection

C) Clinical latency

D) Late-stage disease

E) AIDS indicating conditions

B) Acute HIV infection

After having chickenpox, the Varicilla-Zoster virus remains latent in the dorsal root and cranial nerve ganglia.

A) True

B) False

A) True

Which of the following hepatitis viruses is not transmissible by blood?

A) Hepatitis B

B) Hepatitis C

C) Hepatitis D

D) Hepatitis E

E) All of these

D) Hepatitis E

Hepatitis E is transmitted by fecal-oral transmission and contaiminated water.

What has nearly eliminated the incidence of herpetic whitlow in dental professionals?

A) Standard precautions

B) Not treating patients with active oral herpes infections

C) Effective hand washing techniques

D) Use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers

E) HSV vaccination

A) Standard precautions

If a dental hygienist accidentally received a needle stick, they could contract HBV.

A) True

B) False

A) True