A&P II Lab Practical 2 Collin College

apex

lower tip of the heart

base

on top of the heart; where great vessels are located

ligamentum arteriosum

remnant of ductus arteriosus in adults, no function in adults

coronary sulcus

pathway for coronary arteries

anterior interventricular sulcus

marks the boundary between the ventricles anteriorly; serves as a pathway for anterior interventricular blood vessels

posterior interventricular sulcus

marks the boundary between the ventricles posteriorly; serves as a pathway for posterior interventricular blood vessels

right coronary artery

supplies blood to the right atrium, right ventricle, sinoatrial node and atrioventricular node

left coronary artery

supplies blood to the left ventricle, left atrium, and interventricular septum

circumflex artery

supplies the left atrium and the posterior walls of the left ventricle.

marginal artery

supplies the right border of the heart

anterior interventricular artery

supplies the anterior surface of both ventricles and most of the interventricular septum (also called the left anterior descending artery)

posterior interventricular artery

supplies the posterior ventricular walls, runs to the heart apex

great cardiac vein

drains the anterior surface of both ventricles and most of the interventricular septum; runs alongside the anterior interventricular artery

middle cardiac vein

drains the posterior ventricular walls; runs alongside the posterior interventricular artery

small cardiac vein

drains the right border of the heart; travels alongside the right marginal artery.

coronary sinus

empties blood into the right atrium; enlarged vein on the posterior aspect of the heart

right atrium

receives blood from the vena cava and coronary sinus

right auricles

increase the volume of the right atria

pectinate muscles

located in the auricles; increase power of atrial contraction

superior vena cava

drains blood from the upper portion of the body to the heart

inferior vena cava

carries blood from lower regions of the body to right atrium

interatrial septum

separate left and right atria

fossa ovalis

remnant of foramen ovale of fetal heart, no function in adults

tricuspid valve (right AV valve)

prevent back flow of blood between right ventricle and right atrium

right ventricle

pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries

papillary muscles

pull the atrioventricular valves closed via the chordae tendineae

chordae tendineae

attach to the valves in the heart and prevent them from inverting

trabeculae carne

contraction prevents inversion of mitral and tricuspid valves

moderator band

conducts impulses between right papillary muscle and interventricular septum, thereby coordinating the contraction of the cells; also prevents over stretch of the ventricular wall

pulmonary valve

prevent back flow of blood between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk, semilunar valve

pulmonary trunk

passage of blood out of right ventricle toward the lungs

pulmonary arteries

artery carrying oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs

pulmonary veins

carry oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium

left atrium

receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins

mitral valve (left AV valve)

prevent back flow of blood between the left atrium and the left ventricle; bicuspid valve

left ventricle

pumps oxygenated blood to the body

interventricular septum

separate right and left ventricles

aortic valve

prevents back flow of blood from aorta into the left ventricle; semilunar valve

epicardium

visceral pericardium, protection from friction

endocardium

inner lining of the heart, protection

myocardium

muscular layer of the heart, contract to pump blood

ascending aorta

deliver oxygen rich blood to whole body

aortic arch

deliver oxygen rich blood to whole body

brachiocephalic trunk

carries oxygenated blood to the neck, head, and right anterior upper extremity

left common carotid artery

provides blood to neck & head; further divides into internal and external carotid arteries

left subclavian artery

distributes blood to the left upper extremity

SA Node

pacemaker, causes atria to contract

internodal fibers

between SA & AV nodes, carry stimulation throughout both atria

AV Node

conduction relay from atria to ventricles

AV Bundle

relay nerve impulse to ventricles

AV Bundle branches

give rise to Purkinje fibers

Purkinje fibers

specialized conductive fibers in ventricle walls

P wave

atrial depolarization

PR segment

AV nodal delay

PR interval

length of time for atria to depolarize and contract; measured from the beginning of P-wave to the start of QRS complex

QRS complex

ventricular depolarization and atrial re-polarization

QRS interval

length of time for ventricles to depolarize; atrial re-polarization occurs at the same time

ST segment

time between ventricular depolarization and repolarization

ST interval

time from the end of ventricular depolarization to ventricular re-polarization completion

T wave

ventricular repolarization

QT interval

ventricular depolarization and repolarization

Tunica intima (endothelium)

control vascular relaxation and contraction; control blood clotting

Tunica media

regulate blood flow and blood pressure

Tunica externa

structural support to blood vessels

Vaso vasorum

small vessels that supply the wall of larger blood vessels

Vein valve

prevent backflow of blood

descending aorta

carries blood to the thorax and abdomen

thoracic aorta

supplies blood to the muscles of the chest wall and spinal cord

right common carotid artery

supplies blood to the face, head, and neck.

external carotid arteries

supplies blood to the tissues external to the skull

internal carotid arteries

supply the brain and orbit

vertebral artery

supplies blood to the brain.

Circle of Willis

distributes blood from internal carotid and vertebral arteries to smaller cerebral arteries.

anterior cerebral artery

supply blood to the anterior poles and medial surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres

anterior communicating artery

connects anterior cerebral arteries together

middle cerebral artery

supplies parietal areas of the brain

posterior communicating artery

connects posterior cerebral artery to the internal carotid artery

posterior cerebral arteries

supplies occipital lobes and inferior parts of temporal lobes of the brain

basilar artery

supplies blood to the brainstem and to the posterior cerebral arteries.

subclavian artery

supplies blood to the shoulders and upper limbs.

axillary artery

supply blood to the axilla

brachial artery

supply blood to the arm, common site for measuring blood pressure.

ulnar artery

supplies blood to the forearm and hand

radial artery

supplies blood to the forearm and hand

palmer arch artery

supplies blood to bones, joints and deep muscles of the hand

digital branches

supplies blood to the fingers

intercostal artery

supplies blood to the area between each rib

phrenic artery

supplies blood to the diaphragm

abdominal aorta

supplies blood to the abdominal organs, pelvic organs and lower extremities

celiac trunk

supplies the liver, stomach, and spleen.

gastric artery

supplies blood to the stomach

hepatic artery

supplies blood to the liver

splenic artery

supplies blood to the spleen

superior mesenteric artery

supplies blood to pancreas, large and small intestine

suprarenal artery

supplies blood to the adrenal glands

renal artery

supplies blood to the kidneys, adrenal glands and ureters

gonadal artery

supplies blood to the male and female gonads

inferior mesenteric artery

supplies the distal areas of the large intestine

external iliac artery

supplies blood to lower limbs

internal iliac artery

supplies blood to the pelvic organs, external genitalia, buttock and medial thigh