Chapter 13 - Cytoskeleton and Exterior Cell Surfaces

how cilia and flagella impact a cell

determines if movement is in or out of a cell

microfilaments

made of actin, built/broken as needed, resist stretching forces, are the thinnest

intermediate filaments

are only for structure

the 3 protein fiber components in the cytoskeleton

microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments

primary cilia

activated by vibrations and the bend of other cilia

microtubules

made of tubulin, the widest, can resist compression, move the cell, act as a transport track, built/broken as needed

motor proteins

kinesin and dynein, allow movement

centrosome

microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in fungi and animals

fibronectins

proteins in the ECM that bind to integrins

integrins

hold down the ECM

proteoglycan

polysaccharide core with proteins attached

middle lamella

located between cells, filled with peptin, connect cells together

expansins

help cells expand

forms of tubulin

alpha and beta tubulin

microtubule end (positive)

has fast growth rates

microtubule end (negative)

has slow growth rates

axoneme

9 + 2 core arrangement surrounded by the membrane, compose the cilia and flagella

basal body

connect cilia and flagella to the cell, has a 9 +. 0arrangement

dynein

link microtubule parts of cilia and flagella together

cellulose

the primary component of plant cell walls

primary cell wall

located in growing plants, is able to stretch as the cell grows

secondary cell wall

prevents the cell from over-expanding

extracellular matrix (ECM)

protects the cell and keeps cells adhered to each other

collagen

the primary component of the ECM