Chapter 1, Part 3

First Contacts

The initial encounters between Europeans and Native Americans.

Jacques Cartier

The first European to explore the St. Lawrence River and claim Canada for France.

Vikings

Norse explorers who were first known Europeans to reach North America around 1000 CE.

Cod Fishing

A key industry off the coast of Newfoundland that arose due to high meat prices in Europe.

Fur Trade

The trading of animal pelts, which became a major economic driver in European-Native interactions.

Turks Capture Constantinople (1453)

A significant event that blocked land routes to Asia, prompting Europeans to seek sea routes.

European Settlements failures

Multiple attempts by Europeans to settle in North America that ultimately did not succeed.

Scurvy

A disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin C, which caused many of Cartier's crew to die.

Huron Tribe

A Native American group that formed a trade alliance with the French.

Aboriginal Communities

The diverse groups of Native Americans encountered by European explorers.

Charlesbourg-Royal

A failed settlement established by Cartier in North America (1541) which found gold and diamonds.

Trade Alliances

Agreements between French explorers and Indigenous peoples for the exchange of goods.

Canoes

Watercraft crucial for transportation and trade used by Native Americans and French explorers.

Missionaries

Individuals who aimed to convert Indigenous peoples to Christianity, often facing resistance.

First Europeans in North America

A reference to explorers such as the Vikings, Columbus, and Cartier who reached North America.