Microbiology Exam 1: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

structures all prokaryotic cells possess

cytoplasm, cell membrane, DNA genome, ribosomes

who are the prokaryotes and where do we find them?

single-celled organisms, bacteria and archaea, found almost everywhere

shapes of bacteria

coccus: spherical

bacillus: cylindrical

vibrio: curved

spirillum: spiral shaped

spirochete: corkscrew shape with rigid cell wall

bacterial arrangements

diplo: pairs

tetrads: groups of 4

staphylo: grape-like clusters

strepto: chains of few to hundreds of cells

what external structures can be used for bacterial/archaeal movement? attachment? survival?

movement: flagella

attachment: fimbriae/pili

survival: capsule/slime layer

biofilm

communities of bacteria in self-producing matrix

cell wall of gram-positive bacteria

gram-positive: thick cell wall, inner cytoplasmic membrane

gram-negative: outer membrane, thin cell wall

prokaryotic chromosome

single, circular strand of DNA

prokaryotic ribosome

70S, composed of rRNA and protein

microbial strains

several subtypes within one species

compare and contrast the features of bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotic microorganisms. What features do they share in common? What features differ among the groups?

eukaryotic microorganisms have a nucleus and organelles

eukaryotic cell movement

flagella, cilia, pseudopods

endosymbiotic theory

mitochondria and chloroplasts derived from prokaryotes

where is the genetic material housed in the eukaryotic cells?

nucleus

size difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic types

eukaryotic: 80S

prokaryotic: 70S

impact of fungi

essential in decomposing, pathogens, food production

fungal hyphae

found in filamentous fungi or mold

mycelium

mass of hyphae making up body of mold

spores

fungal reproductive bodies

protist

eukaryotic organism lacking true tissues