IELTS in a nutshell

The complete collection of Ms.Van IELTS institution's lessons

[m] languor /ˈlæŋ.ɡɚ/

pleasant mental or physical tiredness or lack of activity

[p] the first step

the first step in the process is… the first stage in the process is… the process begins with… the process commence with…

[p] diagram

process, graphic illustration, graphic, picture

[p] life circle of a frog

circle of life, growth process of a frog, how a frog develops from an egg

[p] benefits

gain/ reap benefits from…
advatageous
beneficial
positive impacts on

[p] changing jobs regularly

job-hopping activities (job-hoppers)
switch jobs rapidly
make a changein occupation regularly

[p] for a long time

over a prolonged/ extended period
for years
for a long term period
in a long term/ long run
permanently

[p] staying in one job

long term commitment
devote to one profession/ company
remain in the same position/ company
stay with one employer/ company
commit in one position/ employer
dedicate effort/ themselves to one company
engage in (only/ solely/ just) one company

[p] belief

standpoint
viewpoint (point of view)
opinion
perspective
notion
school of thought
conviction
idea

[p] firmly believe

hold a firm belief
to be be convinced of
contend
adhere to my conviction
to be of the opinion that

[p] believe

acknowledge
reckon
advocate
support

[s] adjacent

= adjoining = bordering = vicinal = juxtaposed

[s] indicate

= show = demonstrate = denote = signify

[m] perceptual

[perception (n)] relating to the ability to notice something or come to an opinion about something using your senses

[s] diminish

= subside = recede = shrink = dwindle

[s] obscure

= conceal = cloud = throw a veil over = obfuscate

[m] terminology

special words or expressions used in relation to a particular subject or activity

[s] disclosure

= revelation = uncovering = divulgence = unveiling

[s] associate

= liken = equate = parallel = correlate = bear comparison = show correspodence

[s] persuasive

= convincing = compelling

[m] -oriented

showing the direction in which something is aimed

e.g. She wants to turn the company into a profit-oriented organization.

[m] diffusion

the action of spreading in many directions

(+ of) Powerful global institutions drive the diffusion of new technologies.

[s] escalate

= increase = intensify = amplify = accelerate

[m] relegate

to put someone or something into a lower or less important rank or position

[s] unprecedented

= novel = innovative = pioneering = groundbreaking = revolutionary

[m] medium

a method or way of expressing something

(through the medium of) They told the story through the medium of dance.

[s] predominant

= chief = overriding = preponderant = primary = principal

[s] elaborate

= intricate = sophisticate = convolute = complex

[s] exploit

= abuse = manipulate = control = misuse

[m] exploit

to use something in a way that helps you

to use someone or something unfairly for your own advantage

[m] wiles

ways of persuading someone that trick them into doing something:

e.g. She'll have to use all her feminine wiles to get him to agree.

[s] manifest

= demonstrate = reveal

[s] recur

= occur periodically = reoccur = persist = reemerge = resurface

[s] denote

= illustrate = represent = indicate = signify

[s] anomaly

= departure from the norm = abnormality = oddity = irregularity

[s] variability

= inconstancy = changeability = irregularity = inconsistency

[s] assertion

= affirmation = allegation = declaration = claim

[s] use

= utilize = apply in = employ in = put to use = make use of = implement

[s] businesses

= firms = enterprises = commercial sectors

[s] containers

= storage units = packages = boxes/ cans/ jars/ tubes

[s] important

= core = critical = crucial = central = pivotal

[s] laborious

= arduous = punishing = backbreaking = harsh

[s] demise

= downfall = collapse

[s] plan

= program = scheme = strategy = initiative

[s] be prone to sth/do sth

= susceptible to = vulnerable to = subject to

[s] cancel (law)

= nullify = abolish = invalidate = terminate

[s] commence

= begin = get underway = initiate = set in motion = get off the ground

[s] glorious

= magnificent = imposing = splendid = grandiose = monumental

[s] unanimously

= collectively = concertedly = in unison

[s] tumultuous

= turbulent = chaos

[s] disseminate

= circulate = propagate = spread

[s] artificial

= man-made = synthetic

[s] staple

= primary = fundamental = central = main

[s] counter-intuitive

= reversed = contrary to intuition/ common sense = implausible = contradictory = capricious

[s] conceive

= imagine = envisage = visualize = envision

[s] specific

= particular = distinct = explicit

[s] unforeseen

= unexpected = not anticipated = astonishing

[s] impact

= exert influence = cause a profound effect

[s] tackle

= address = confront = approach

[s] alter

= change = modify = shape

[s] detrimental

= adverse = destructive = undesireable

[m] manifest

to show something clearly, through signs or actions

(sth in sth) The workers chose to manifest their dissatisfaction in a series of strikes.

(itself in) The illness first manifested itself in severe stomach pains.

(itself as) In teenagers, depression often manifests itself as anger.

[m] anomaly

a person or thing that is different from what is usual, or not in agreement with something else and therefore not satisfactory

e.g. Statistical anomalies can make it difficult to compare economic data from one year to the next.

[m] departure

(+ from) a change from what is expected, or from what has happened before

e.g. There can be no departure from the rules.

[m] baseline

an imaginary line used as a starting point for making comparisons

e.g. baseline assessment

[m] trickle

(+ in/ out/ back) to arrive or move somewhere slowly and gradually, in small numbers

[m] assertion

a statement that you strongly believe is true

[m] testify

(+ to) to show something or prove that something is true

e.g. These monuments testify to the prosperity of the country and the richness of its culture

[m] exert

(+ sth on) to use something such as authority, power, influence, etc. in order to make something happen

[m] network

a large system consisting of many similar parts that are connected together to allow movement or communication between or along the parts, or between the parts and a control centre

[m] vicarious

experienced as a result of watching, listening to, or reading about the activities of other people, rather than by doing the activities yourself

[m] coverage

the reporting of a particular important event or subject

e.g. media coverage - There was very little media coverage of the event.

[m] abolish

(law) to end an activity, custom, etc. completely or by law or official action

[m] vandalism

(law) the crime of intentionally damaging property belonging to other people

[m] be prone to sth/do sth

likely to show a particular characteristic, usually a negative one, or to be affected by something bad, such as damage or an illness

[m] seize/ take the initiative

the power or opportunity to win an advantage

( >< lose the initiative)

[m] date back (to)

to have existed for a particular length of time or since a particular time

[m] elaborate

(adj) containing a lot of careful detail or many detailed parts

(V + on) to add more information to or explain something that you have said

[m] unanimously

in a way that is agreed or supported by everyone in a group

[m] condemn

to criticize something or someone strongly, usually for moral reasons

[m] ministry

in Britain and some other countries, a department of the government led by a minister

[m] conspicuous

very noticeable or attracting attention, often in a way that is not wanted

[m] consumerism

the situation when too much attention is given to buying and owning things, often things that are not really necessary

[m] epicenter

the place that has the highest level of an activity

(geology) the point on the earth's surface directly above the origin of an earthquake

[m] tumultuous

very loud, or full of confusion, change, or uncertainty

[m] disseminate

to spread or give out something, especially news, information, ideas, etc., to a lot of people

[m] culinary

of or related to cooking or the kitchen

[m] be at the top of your game

to be performing extremely well in a sport, job, etc. so that you could not perform any better

[m] demise

the end of something that was previously considered to be powerful, such as a business, industry, or system

[m] adamant

impossible to persuade, or unwilling to change an opinion or decision

[m] to acquire a taste for something

to gradually develop a liking for something

[m] heritage

features belonging to the culture of a particular society, such as traditions, languages, or buildings, that were created in the past and still have historical importance

[m] sustainability

the quality of being able to continue over a period of time

[m] scepticism

an attitude that shows you doubt whether something is true or useful

[m] conform

to behave according to the usual standards of behaviour that are expected by a group or society

[m] enquiring

always wanting to learn new things

[m] mobility

the ability to move or walk around freely

[m] assumption

something that you accept as true without question or proof

[m] efficiency

the quality of achieving the largest amount of useful work using as little energy, fuel, effort, etc. as possible

[m] quantitative

relating to numbers or amounts that can be measured

e.g. quantitative analysis