Aldehydes and Ketones: IUPAC Naming and Properties

These flashcards cover key concepts related to aldehydes and ketones, including their structural characteristics, IUPAC naming conventions, physical properties, chemical reactions, and general definitions of important vocabulary.

Aldehyde

A functional group containing the structure -CHO, which is at the end of the carbon chain.

Ketone

A functional group containing the structure >C=O, found within the carbon chain.

IUPAC Naming

A systematic method for naming organic chemical compounds, following specific rules to identify the structure.

Cyclic Molecules

Molecules that contain a ring structure made up of carbon atoms.

Acyclic Molecules

Molecules with a linear structure without rings.

Substituent

An atom or group of atoms that replaces a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon.

Dipole-Dipole Interactions

Intermolecular forces between polar molecules that arise due to the attraction between positive and negative ends.

Boiling Point

The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the external pressure surrounding the liquid.

Hydrogen Bond

A strong type of dipole-dipole interaction that occurs between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a more electronegative atom.

Oxidation of Alcohols

A chemical reaction that converts alcohols into aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids depending on the type of alcohol.

Acetal Formation

A reaction that involves the reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with two equivalents of alcohol, resulting in acetal.

Nucleophiles

Chemical species that donate an electron pair to form a chemical bond.

Wittig Reaction

A chemical reaction used to convert aldehydes or ketones to alkenes.

Hydration of Alkynes

A reaction that adds water to alkynes to form ketones or aldehydes, depending on the position of the double bond.