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Flashcards about critical systems, dependability, and security.
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Safety-critical systems
Failure results in loss of life, injury or damage to the environment
Mission-critical systems
Failure results in failure of some goal-directed activity
Business-critical systems
Failure results in high economic losses
System dependability
Reflects the user’s degree of trust in that system
Availability
The ability of the system to deliver services when requested
Reliability
The ability of the system to deliver services as specified
Safety
The ability of the system to operate without catastrophic failure
Security
The ability of the system to protect itself against accidental or deliberate intrusion
Repairability
Reflects the extent to which the system can be repaired in the event of a failure
Maintainability
Reflects the extent to which the system can be adapted to new requirements
Survivability
Reflects the extent to which the system can deliver services whilst under hostile attack
Error tolerance
Reflects the extent to which user input errors can be avoided and tolerated
System failure
An event that occurs when the system does not deliver a service as expected
System error
An erroneous system state that can lead to unexpected system behavior
System fault
A characteristic of a software system that can lead to a system error
Human error or mistake
Human behavior that results in the introduction of faults into a system
Fault avoidance
Techniques to minimize mistakes or trap them before they become system faults
Fault detection and removal
Verification and validation to detect and correct errors before the system goes into service
Fault tolerance
Run-time techniques to ensure system faults do not result in errors or failures
Safety
The system’s ability to operate without causing human injury, death, or damage to the environment
Primary safety-critical systems
Embedded software systems whose failure can cause hardware failure and directly threaten people
Secondary safety-critical systems
Systems whose failure results in faults in other systems which can threaten people
Accident (or mishap)
An unplanned event resulting in human death/injury, property/environmental damage
Hazard
A condition with the potential for causing or contributing to an accident
Damage
A measure of the loss resulting from a mishap
Hazard severity
Assessment of the worst possible damage from a hazard
Hazard probability
The probability of events occurring which create a hazard
Risk
Measure of the probability that the system will cause an accident
Hazard avoidance
Designing the system so that some classes of hazard cannot arise
Hazard detection and removal
Designing the system so that hazards are detected and removed before they result in an accident
Damage limitation
Including protection features to minimize the damage from an accident
Security
The system’s ability to protect itself from accidental or deliberate external attack
Exposure
Possible loss in a computing system, such as data damage or loss of time
Vulnerability
A weakness in a computer-based system that may be exploited
Attack
An exploitation of a system vulnerability, often from outside the system
Threats
Circumstances that have the potential to cause loss or harm
Control
A protective measure that reduces a system vulnerability
Denial of service
The system is forced into a state where normal services are unavailable or degraded
Corruption of programs or data
Programs or data are modified in an unauthorized way
Disclosure of confidential information
Confidential information is exposed to unauthorized individuals
Vulnerability avoidance
Designing the system so that vulnerabilities do not occur
Attack detection and elimination
Designing the system to detect and neutralize attacks on vulnerabilities
Exposure limitation
Designing the system to minimize the adverse consequences of a successful attack