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What regulates osmotic pressure of body fluids in the kidneys?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
How does ADH affect urine concentration?
ADH causes the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, resulting in more concentrated urine.
What are osmoreceptors?
Specialized nerve receptors in the hypothalamus that detect changes in osmotic pressure.
What triggers the release of ADH?
Increased blood osmotic pressure due to decreased water intake or increased water loss.
What role does aldosterone play in kidney function?
Aldosterone increases Na+ reabsorption, which helps regulate blood pressure and fluid volume.
What happens to blood osmotic pressure when more water is consumed?
The osmotic pressure decreases as the blood becomes more dilute.
How does alcohol consumption affect ADH?
Alcohol decreases the release of ADH, leading to increased water loss through urine.
What is the bicarbonate-carbon dioxide buffer system?
A buffer system that helps maintain pH balance by neutralizing excess H+ ions.
What mechanism maintains homeostasis in response to low blood pressure?
The juxtaglomerular apparatus releases renin, leading to angiotensin production and aldosterone release.
What physiological adjustment occurs with increased osmotic pressure?
Increased release of ADH, leading to increased water reabsorption by the kidneys.
