2Q

Volcano

An opening in the surface or crust of Earth which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface.

Ring of Fire

It is the region where more than half of the active volcanoes of the world that atr above sea level are located or found.

• When plates collide

• When plates spread apart

• Volcanoes are formed in the middle of a plate

How volcanoes are formed?

Vent

Crater

Pipe

Cone

List the parts of a volcano

Strato Volcanoes

They are formed by alternating layers of lava and rock fragments

Shield Volcanoes

• They are among the biggest volcanoes

• They are made of many layers of runny lava flows

• Low-explosivity

Cinder Cone Volcanoes

• They are made of lava fragments called cinders

Active

If it has erupted recently or about 10,000 years ago

Inactive

• Also called dormant

• If it rarely has a record of previous eruption

Eruptive Pulse

• An explosion with eruption plume

• May last from a few seconds to minutes

Eruptive Phase

• Numerous eruptions that may alternate between plumr and lava surges

• May last from a few hours to days

Eruptive Episode

• It is composed of several phases that may lasy a few days, months, or years

Attracts tourists and visitors

Adds nutrients to the soil

Creation of new islands

Release of aerosols

Acid Rain

Abandoning of land and homes

What are the beneficial and harmful effects of volcanic eruptions?

Fire Hazard

• Conditions that favor fire development or growth

• Spark

• Flame

• High temperature

What are the sources of ignition?

• Heat

• Fuel

• Oxygen

What are the three elements a fire needs to ignite?

Class A Fires

Solid materials such as wood or paper, fabric, and some plastics

Class B Fires

Liquids or gas such as alcohol, ether, gasoline, or grease

Class C Fires

Electrical failure from appliances, electronic equipment, and wiring

Class D Fires

Metallic substances such as sodium, titanium, zirconium, or magnesium

Class K Fires

Grease or oil fires specifically from cooking

Pull

Aim

Squeeze

Sweep

How to use a fire extinguisher?

Pin and Seal

Gauge

Hose

Nozzle

Inspection Tag

What are the parts of a fire extinguisher?

Class A Fire Extinguisher

contain water for use against fires involving ordinary combustibles like paper, wood, cloth and most plastics.

Class B Fire Extinguisher

use dry chemicals to put out fires caused by gasoline, oil and solvents.

Class C Fire Extinguisher

contain carbon dioxide for use against electrical fires.

Class D Fire Extinguisher

spray dry powder on combustible metals like magnesium, titanium, aluminum, sodium, and potassium.

Smoke Detectors

Require a flow of air in order to work well

Class K Fire Extinguisher

use a wet, potassium acetate-based, low pH agent to put out "cooking" fires in which there are animal or vegetable oils and fats.

Heat Detectors

Detect fires where there is no smoke activated by the significant increase of temperature associated with fire

Flame Detectors

React to the movement of flames

Murshed and Kafle

Reducing the loss of life, property, and other assets through hazard mitigation and vulnerability reduction

Hazard Assessment

It is a systematic process used to identify, analyze, and control potential sourced of harm ot risk in a workplace

Vulnerability Assessment

It is a systematic evaluation of a community's systems, or assets susceptibility to negative impact from a hazard

People's Participation

Providing or allowing people more power to be able to participate and contribute to the initiatives in looking for possible answers to many problems

Proactiveness

The community must stress on pre-disaster measures of prevention, mitigation, and preparedness

Responsiveness

Community auctions must be grounded on needs, perceptions, and priorities of the communities in terms of disaster and disaster risk reduction

Integrated

The community plans for pre-disaster, during disaster and post-disaster measures and links with other communities, organizations and government units or agencies at various levels especially for things that local community cannot adequately address

Comprehensive

There must be a short-term, medium-term, and long-term measures to address vulnerabilities.

Multisectoral and Multidisciplinary

Action must consider the roles participation and concerns of all stakeholders in the community while upholding the basic interest of the vulnerable sectors and combining indigenous knowledge and resources with science and technology.

Developmental

Community action response to reducing the factors, conditions, and processes that create and supports societal vulnerabilities such as poverty environmental degradation and social inequity