History WWII STUDY

Includes vocab and highlights from the book

Hitler had indicated that a Nazi regime would find this land to the

east—in the Soviet Union.

Germany wished to revise the

unfair provisions of the treaty by peaceful means.

Hitler announced the creation of a

new air force.

These steps were in direct violation of the

the Treaty of Versailles.

The Rhineland was part of Germany, but, according to the Treaty of Versailles, it was a

demilitarized area

Luftwaffe-

German Air Force

The London Times noted that the Germans were "only ..

"only going into their own back garden."

Germany and Italy sent troops to Spain to help ..

General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil WaR

Mussolini spoke of the new alliance between Italy and Germany, called the

Rome-Berlin Axis.

Hitler forced the Austrian chancellor to put

Austrian Nazis in charge of the government.

hitler was willing to risk

"world war" to achieve his objective.

On September 15, 1938, he demanded that Germany be given the

Sudetenland

The Munich Conference was the

high point of Western appeasement of Hitler.

When Neville Chamberlain, the British prime minister, returned to England from Munich, he boasted that the agreement meant

"peace for our time."

Winston Churchill, warned instead that the settlement at

Munich was "a disaster of the first magnitude."

Congress passed a series of laws stating the terms of

neutrality to prevent the entry of the United States into any foreign wars.

neutrality acts, these laws also

reflected the Americans' isolationist feelings.

Germany and the Soviet Union signed

the Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact.

German forces invaded western Poland. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain admitted that

Britain's previous policies of appeasement had to be amended.

Japan, already an imperial power that had colonized Korea in 1910, undertook a

plan to take control of all Manchuria in 1931.

On the night of September 18, Japanese soldiers, disguised as Chinese soldiers,

blew up a small section of the Manchurian Railway near the city of Mukden.

Japan owned this area, and the Japanese soldiers wanted to blame the ______ on the Chinese.

"Mukden incident”

Manchuria offered many resources the Japanese neededAfter this conquest, the Japanese army became committed to

an expansionist policy-a policy of enlarging the Japanese Empire.

As an infant, Henry Pu Yi had

had been China's "last emperor."

The United States refused to recognize the

Japanese takeover of Manchuria but was unwilling to threaten force.

Japan was technically a

constitutional monarchy, with Emperor Hirohito,

When clashes between Chinese and Japanese troops broke out, Chiang Kai-shek sought to appease Japan by

allowing it to govern areas in north China.

Chiang Kai-shek= leader of ….

leader of the nationalists

Mao Zedong= leader of..

leader of the communists

Chiang ended his military efforts against the

Communists and formed a new united front against the Japanese.

The Japanese Army destroyed the city and massacred more than 100,000 civilians and prisoners of war. The event was so brutal it became known as the

"Rape of Nanjing."

New Order in east Asia, comprising Japan, Manchuria, and China.Japan lacked the resources to defeat the

Soviet Union, it looked to south Asia for raw materials for its military machine.

Japan demanded the right to

exploit economic resources in French Indochina.

Japan badly needed the

oil and scrap iron it was getting from the United States. Should these resources be cut off, Japan would have to find them elsewhere.

Appeasement is a diplomatic policy of making

concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid war.

Expansionist refers to a

policy or practice of territorial or economic expansion.

Exploit: To exploit means to take advantage of someone or something in a way that is considered

unfair or unethical, often for personal gain.

Isolationist: Isolationist refers to a policy of

remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of foreign countries.

Sanctions: Sanctions are

economic or political penalties imposed on a country to force a change in policy.

Henry Pu Yi was the last Emperor of

China and later served as the puppet ruler of Manchukuo under Japanese control.

Neville Chamberlain: Neville Chamberlain was the Prime Minister of the

United Kingdom, known for his policy of appeasement toward Nazi Germany.

Emperor Hirohito was the

Emperor of Japan during World War II.

Mao Zedong was a Chinese communist revolut…..

communist revolutionary and the founding father of the People's Republic of China.

Chiang Kai-shek: Chiang Kai-shek was a Chinese political and military leader who

served as the leader of the Republic of China

(Project X-Ray was a proposed plan by the

(Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen- it was his idea)

U.S. to use bats to carry small incendiary bombs into Japanese cities during World War 2

Operation Barbarossa was the

was the codename for the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, commencing on June 22, 1941.

Operation Overlord was the

codename for the Allied invasion of Normandy, which began on D-Day, June 6, 1944.

Operation Gunnerside was a

British-led raid to sabotage the heavy water production facility at Vemork in Nazi-occupied Norway.

Operation Fishbowl was a series of

high-altitude nuclear tests conducted by the United States in 1962.

Operation Downfall was the planned Allied

Allied invasion of Japan near the end of World War II; it was ultimately never executed.

The Manhattan Project was the re..

research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons.

The Gadget was the

codename for the first nuclear device detonated during the Trinity test in New Mexico on July 16, 1945.

Little Boy was the codename for the

atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945.

Fat Man was the codename for the

atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945.

It seems to be the most terrible thing ever

discovered,

Winston Churchill, prime minister

of Great Britain, called the "soft underbelly" of Europe.

powers. Axis forces in Tunisia surrendered on May 13, 1943. The Allies then crossed the Mediterranean and carried the war to

Italy

June 6, 1944 (D-Day), Allied forces under U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower landed on the

Normandy beaches in history's greatest naval invasion.

The Allies fought their way past hidden ______,________

underwater mines, treacherous barbed wire, and horrible machine-gun fire.

The Soviets had soundly defeated the German forces at the ______Soviet forces now began a steady advance westward.

Battle of Kursk (July 5 to 12), the greatest tank battle of World War II.

By January 1945, Adolf Hitler had moved into a

bunker 55 feet (almost 17 m) under the city of Berlin.

Hitler committed suicide on April 30, two days after Italian partisans, or resistance fighters, shot Mussolini. On May 7. 1945, ______

Germany surrendered. The war in Europe was finally over.

U.S. forces and its allies continued their

island-hopping campaign.

At the beginning of 1945, the _______helped the Allied military power draw even closer to the main Japanese islands.

acquisition of Iwo Jima and Okinawa

The unites states needed these two islands were of importance to the United States

islands of Iwo Jima and Okinawa were of great strategic importance.

wo Jima was essential to the

air war on Japan.

The Allies hoped that controlling

Okinawa would also provide them with a base near the mainland.

The devastation led Japanese

Emperor Hirohito to accept the Allied forces' demands for unconditional surrender

August 1949, the Soviet Union set off its first atomic bomb,

starting an arms race with the United States that lasted for 40 years.

Hitler stunned Europe with the

speed and lificiency of the German attack on Poland.

His blitzkrieg, or

"lightning war," used armored columns, called panzer divisions, supported by airplanes.

Maginot (MA•zhuh-NOH)

Line, along its border with Germany. The line was a series of concrete and steel fortifications armed with heavy artillery.

A series of neutrality acts, passed in the 1930s, prevented the

United States from taking sides or becoming involved in any European wars.

Roosevelt was convinced that the neutrality acts actually encouraged Axis aggression, and they were gradually relaxed as the United States supplied

supplied food, ships, planes, and weapons to Britain.

The U.S. initially remains neutral but does help

GB with the Lend-lease Act (a loophole)

President Franklin D. Roosevelt was the know for the social and economic reform program called the

New Deal. New Deal programs such as Social Security continue today.

Hitler realized that an amphibious

(land-sea) invasion of Britain could succeed only if Germany gained control of the air.

Instead of bombing military targets, the Luftwaffe began

massive bombing of British cities. Hitler hoped in this way to break British morale.

Hitler invaded the Soviet Union on June 22,

1941,

betraying the Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact signed in 1939.

He believed the Russians could still be

decisively defeated before the brutal winter weather set in.

An early winter and fierce Soviet resistance, however, halted the German advance. Certain of

quick victory, the Germans had not planned for winter uniforms.

Prime Minister Hideki Tojo-formerly a

general-who in the course of the war became a virtual military dictator.

Tojo became the prime minister, ruling

Japan largely as a

dictator. Hirohito still reigned as emperor, but in practice he had very little power.

The attack on Pearl Harbor unified

American opinion about becoming involved in the war.

The United States joined with

European nations and Nationalist China in a combined effort to defeat Japan.

three major Allies-Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union-agreed to

stress military operations and to ignore political differences.

Axis Powers-

Germany, Italy, and Japan

By the spring, even Hitler knew that the

Germans would not defeat the Soviet Union.

Battle of Midway Island. U.S. planes destroyed four attacking Japanese aircraft carriers. The

United States defeated the Japanese navy and established naval superiority in the Pacific.

This strategic policy, called ______\\\ was begun in an effort to capture some Japanese-held islands while bypassing others in an effort to more easily reach the islands of Japan.

"island hopping,"