Cells and Tissue

Tissue

A group of similar cells that combine to perform the same function

Organs

2 or more tissue working together to complete a certain job

Epithelial Tissue

A body tissue that covers the surfaces of the body, inside and out Major tissue of glands. Lacks blood vessels. Anchored to connective tissue by a basement membrane

Epithelial Tissue Examples

Skin, Inside of blood vessels and heart, Digestive & Respiratory tracts

Simple Squamous Epithelial

For absorption or diffusion Lung alveoli, Linings of cavities

Stratified Squamous Epithelia

Protects from mechanical stress Top layer of skin and top of mouth

Simple Cuboidal Epithelia

Secretion and absorption Glands and portions of kidney tubules

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelia

Relatively rare. Located along the ducts of sweat glands and in larger ducts of the mammary glands.

Transitional Epithelia

Tolerate repeated cycles of stretching without damage Appearance changes as stretching occurs Found in urinary bladder Cells appear cuboidal when relaxed

Simple Columnar Epithelia

Absorption, protection and secretion Found in stomach, small intestine, large intestine Associated with goblet cells and microvilli

Stratified Columnar Epithelia

Relatively rare. Provide protection in pharynx, anus, urethra, epigottis

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelia

Typically have cilia Found in nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi (Resp Tract) Associated with goblet cells. Appears layered but is only one layer

Connective Tissue Functions

Interconnecting one tissue to another and protects organs

Connective Tissue Componenets

Specialized cells (bloodcells), extracellular protein fibers, ground subtance

Matrix

Mixture of protein fibers and ground substance, makes up most of the tissue volume

Connective Tissue Proper

Viscous matrix, lots of protein fiber

Fluid Connective Tissue

Watery matrix with dissolved proteins

Supporting Connective Tissue

Matrix with densely packed fibers

Fibroblasts

Proper

Secrete ground substance and protein fibers

Most common

Fibrocyte

Proper

2nd most common

Maintain protein fibers

Adipocyte

Proper

Fat cells

Mesenchymal Cells

Immune

Respond to injury/infection

Stem cells

Differentiate into fibroblasts, macropluges, etc

Mastcells

Immune

Release histamine (inflammatory response) and Heparin (anticoagulant)

White bloodcells

Immune

Areolar Tissue

Loose Connective

Within dermis of the skin

Deep to epithelial lining of digestive

Cushioning and support but allows movement

Adipose Tissue

Loose Connective

Cushions, stores energy, insulation

Contains adipocytes

Reticular Tissue

Loose Connective

Supporting framework for liver, kidneys, Spleen

Desne Regular Connective Tissue

(AKA Collagenous Tissue)

Parellel, tightly packed collagen fibers

Exp: Tendons, ligaments

Elastic Connective Tissue

Dense tissue made up of mostly elastic fibers

Between vertebrae

Fascia Connective Tissue

Wraps around and supports organs

Fluid Connective Tissue : Blood

Plasma : fluid matrix of blood

Contains RBC, WBC, and platets

Hyaline Cartialge Supporting Connective Tissue

Most common type of cartilage

Reduces friction between bones at joint surfaces

Shock absorbtion/protection

Nasal septum, sterno-costal joints

Elastic Cartilage Supportive Connective Tissue

Supportive but flexible

Elastic fibers

External ear, larnyx

Fibrocartilage Supportive Connective Tissue

Densly interwoven collagen fibers

Limits movement provides connection

Between pubic bones and vertebral bodies

Bone Supporting Connective Tissue

Matrix has collagen fibers and is calcified

Collagen - strong and somewhat flexible

Calcium - hard and rigid

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Attached to bones

Cells are long and multinucleated

Arranged neatly and parellel

Straitened (alternating light and dark)

Controlled voluntarily

Cardiac Muscle

Heart only

Controlled involuntarily

Striated

Cells are short, branching, semi-parellel

Cells connected by intercollated disks

Smooth Muscle Tissue

Walls of hollow organs (digestive, reproductive, respiratory organs)

Controlled involuntary

Cells are small and spindle shaped

Nervous Tissue

Associated with Brian, spinal cord, and nerves

Specialized in conducting electrical impulses

Contains Neurons and Neuroglia

Parts of a Neuron

Cell body: contains organelles

Dendrites : Short branches, receive incoming signals

Axon (Nerve Fiber) : Long processes, carries outgoing signals

Neuroglia

DO NOT conduct impulses

Maintain physical structure of tissues

repair tissue framework after injury

Perform phagocytosis

Provide nutrients to neurons

regulate the composition of the interstitila fluid surrounding neurons