Exam 3 - Chapter 34

Some pathogenic fungi are…

Dimorphic

Dimorphic pathogenic fungi are either

Molds or yeasts

Classes of infection for pathogenic fungi

• Superficial

• Subcutaneous

• Systemic

Types of systemic infections caused by pathogenic fungi

• Histoplasmosis

• Coccidioidomycosis

• Blastomycosis

• Cryptococcosis

Histoplasmosis is caused by what fungus?

Histoplasma capsulatum

Coccoidioidomycosis is caused by what fungus?

Coccidioides immitis

Blastomycosis is caused by what fungus?

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Cryptococcosis is caused by what fungus?

Cryptococcus neoformans

Infections from pathogenic fungi can be especially serious in individuals with…

an impaired immune system

Protozoan parasitic infections

• Entamoeba

• Giardia

• Cryptosporidium

• Naegleria

• Trichomonas

• Plasmodium

• Trypanosoma

• Leishmania

____ can be an infective form for parasitic infections (but not trichomonas)

Cysts

Parasitic infections can be cause by

Protozoa and helminths

Malaria

Protist disease caused by Plasmodium spp.

Malaria life cycle

Complex life cycle including Anopheles mosquitos as vectors

There are an estimated ________ people infected with malaria worldwide

250 million

Each year about _______ people die from malaria

600,000

Malaria is generally found in _______ regions

Tropical and subtropical

Life Cycle of Plasmodium

1. Transmission by bite of mosquito

2. Maturation of gametes within mosquito

3. Fertilization

4. Growth

5. Development of sporozoites

6. Release of sporozoites

7. Transmission by mosquito bite and sporozoites removed from blood by liver

8. Formation of schizont and merozoites

9. Infection of red blood cell

10. Merozoites infect and reproduce in RBCs

11. Production of gametocytes

12. Repeat

How can Plasmodium be managed/prevented?

Vector control, vaccines, and drugs

How is leishmaniasis transmitted?

Transmitted by sand flies (Phlebotomus) in a blood meal

Types of leishmaniasis

• Mucocutaneous

• Cutaneous

• Visceral

What occurs in visceral leishmaniasis?

Parasite travels to internal organs and causes damage to liver, spleen, and bone marrow

If untreated, visceral leishmaniasis causes _____

death

Causative pathogen for African Trypanosomiasis

Trypanosoma brucei

Vector for African Trypanosomiasis

Tsetse fly (Glossina)

How does African Trypanosomiasis spread in the body?

• Parasite multiplies in blood

• Infects central nervous system

• Multiplies in spinal fluid

Chagas disease is also known as

American trypanosomiasis

Causative pathogen of chagas disease

Trypanosoma cruzi

Vector for chagas disease

Reduviid (“kissing”) bug - Triatoma infestans

Chagas disease affects…

heart, GIT, and central nervous system

Where does chagas disease occur?

Latin American countries