CPAR REVIEWER 1ST QTR

Art

The use of skills and creative imagination in the prod of aesthetic, objects.

Expression

The expression of subjective experiences and emotions.

Mimesis

The representation/replication of something beautiful/meaningful.

Formalism

The arrangement of lines, colors, shapes, and other aesthetic elements.

Modern Art

Art movement that emerged in the late 19th century and early 20th century, from traditional styles to abstract and experimental approach.

Contemporary

• “The art of the current day”

• “con tempa” = with the times

• All art created after WW2, while some say it is created after 1970s.

• Produced by artists living today,

Historical Value

Contemporary art preserves and reflects the nation’s evolving history, capturing moments of change & continuity.

Political Value

It serves as a powerful medium for political commentary and activism, challenging societal norms and promoting discourse.

Educational Value

Enriches education by fostering creativity, critical thinking, and cultural awareness.

Socio-cultural Value

Diverse social and cultural landscapes, offering insights into the complexities of Filipino identity.

Abstract Expressionism

Style that expresses emotions and feelings in a spontaneous way, may be heavy in lines and colors without solid mass.

Kinetic Art

Sculpture that moves with the wind or is powered by a machine/electricity.

Op Art

Uses lines/images repeatedly to make an optical illusion.

Performance Art

Variety of media and the human body to execute an artistic theatrical expression.

Feminist Art

Emerged from the concerns of female artists. Tackles issues of identity, sexuality, gender roles, the ways in which women are treated in society.

Environment Art

Involved artistic creation of space, like landscape or architectural design.

Minimalism

Stripped-down, pre-fabricated look, free of details and often with flat surface but expresses a specific statement.

Video Art

Consists of images that are recorded thru a video and viewed thru a TV, computer, or projection screen.

Graffiti Art

A drawing/inscription/sketch done hastily on a wall/surface to be seen by the public.

Postmodern Art

Modern styles to extreme practices, often expressing an idea thru mix of materials (like found objects).

Body Art

Uses the body as the medium, can be painted or clothed and used to perform an act.

Digital Art

Done with the use of a computure to create an image/design.

Painting

• Indigenous materials with textile

• No longer bound to canvas

• Can be done outdoors and on walls

Sculpture

• Brass and concrete

• Wood and glass

• Resin

Architecture

• Glass and steel

• Color is either complementary/strong contrasting

Performance Art

• Found objects

• Textiles

• Paint (body art)

• Technology

Art & Technology

The use of technology in art. Computer programs are used to create digital art. virtual reality, 3D printing.

Abaca

A plant that belongs to the Banana family and has a natural luster of colors tanging from pure to Ivory to dark brown.

Bakbak

The outermost covering of the abaca stalk, usually braided or twined to make a flat, thick, and durable sheath.

Bamboo

A raw material used in construction, textiles, and musical instruments.

Buntal

Cylindrically-shaped fibers with supple ivory white strands that are durable pliable.

Buri

Extracted from the matured leaves of the buri palm. Used to create hats, bags, baskets, and other women products.

Coir

A fibrous material that surrounds the fruit of the coconut tree and is used as fiber carpets, doormats, and geo-textiles.

Nito

A type of fern that is used to create bags, lampshades, and decorative jars.

Tikog

A type of sea grass that is used as raw material for mat weaving.

Philippine Arts

• Already had its own distinct arts before the colonizations/influence.

• Culture and traditions, flourished as it diverse through the vast influences came from colonial people.

Applied Arts

Made for utilitarian purposes.

Literary Arts

Literature including prose and poems.

Performing Arts

Activity performed for an audience in multi-sensory experience such as dance, music (instrumental & vocal), and the theatre art.

Visual Arts

Imagery created and interpreted for visual perception and appreciation with a wide range of visual disciplines like drawing, painting, sculpture, illustration & graphic design, photography, caligraphy, etc.

Pre-Colonial Period

• 900 AD - 1521

• Oral story-telling

• Baybayin Script as a writing system

• Dancing & chanting for worshipping and hunting

• Ethnic musical instruments (pipes, flute, zithers, drums, kudyapi, kulintang, & gongs)

Islamic Colonial Period

• 13th & 14th cen

• Traditional garments & performance art - adapted from our neighboring South East Asian countries especially from the southern area.

Torogan (Islamic)

Ancestral royal home for the Datu/Sultan’s family in Mindanao.

Panlolong (Islamic)

Ornately Carved beam extension of the Torogan house.

Mosque (Islamic)

Islam prayer house.

Sarimanok (Islamic)

Mythical rooster like bird reflecting pre-Islamic spirit-bird beliefs.

Buraq (Islamic)

An equine-like creature in Islamic tradition.

Naga (Islamic)

Mythical sea serpent or dragon.

Spanish Colonial Period (PH)

• 1521 - 1898

• Western Musical Instruments - pipe organ, piano, guitar, and
  violin

• Musical Theatre - Senakulo (Passion Play), Zarzuela (Operatta) & Komedia (conflicts between Muslims & Christians)

• Printing Technology - for literary works & books

Earthquake Baroque (Spanish)

An adaptation to the European Baroque architecture to survive frequent earthquakes.

Neoclassical (Spanish)

Characterized by geometric symmetry. clean lines and towering columns.

Statues (Spanish)

Usually depiction of the main religious figures and saints of the Catholic faith.

Retable (Spanish)

Ornate altarpiece or decorative structure positioned behind and above the altar.

Revelles & Carrozas (Spanish)

Hammered silver and decoration or plateria.

Via Crucis (Spanish)

Stations of the Cross - a series of 14 paintings or sculpture.

American Colonial Period

• 1898 - 1946

• Commercial Art - Graphic design, textbook drawings & illustrations.

• Architecture & Urban Planning - Neoclassical/Art Deco/Art Nuveau style.

• Sculpture in Round - classical traditions

Japanese Occupation

• 1941 - 1945

Propaganda & Political Arts

• Rejection of Western Tradition;

• Posters, ephemera, comics, &
  Japanese-sponsored publications
  like newspapers & magazines such
  as Liwayway & Tribune

• Genre painting;

• Neo-Realism, Modernist
  Figuration, Expressionism,
  Cubism and Abstraction
  were the prominent art
  styles

Contemporary Period

• 1970s - Present

Developmental Art

• Exposing art to a learning public;

• Index of progress, refinement, radical experiment,
  national identity & love for country;

• Western Avant-Garde, New Realism, Pop Art,
  Environmental Assemblage & Installation Art,
  Performance & Conceptual Art, and Sound Works;

• Estabilished the reach out program for art-related events to
  regional, national, and international set ups;

• Folk + Self + Environment + Nation + History + Modern style

David Medalla

• Born in Manila, Philippines, David Medalla (1938–2020) is an artist known primarily for his “biokinetic” sculptures produced in London in the 1960s.

• Made the bubble machine.

Arturo Luz

Arturo Luz was a renowned Filipino visual artist named a National Artist of the Philippines in 1997. He is famous for his minimalist, geometric abstract paintings and sculptures, featuring clean lines and restrained color palettes. He was also a key leader in Philippine art institutions.

Fernando Amorsolo

Fernando Amorsolo is known as the "Grand Old Man of Philippine Art" and was the first artist named a National Artist of the Philippines. He is famous for his bright, glowing rural landscapes, mastery of backlighting (chiaroscuro), and idealized paintings of traditional Filipino life, farmers, and the Dalagang Bukid.

Jose T. Joya

Jose T. Joya is known as a pioneering Filipino abstract expressionist painter and a National Artist of the Philippines. His work features bold brushstrokes, heavy impasto, mixed media like sand, and vibrant colors inspired by the tropical landscapes of the Philippines.

Carlos “Botong” Francisco

Carlos "Botong" Francisco was a pioneering National Artist of the Philippines in visual arts. Known as the "poet of Angono," he single-handedly revived mural painting and shaped modern Philippine art with his bold, linear style depicting national history, folklore, and rural Filipino life.

Realism & Figurative Painting

• Highly detailed and lifelike portaits

• Using the human form of explore complex themes & emotions

Abstract & Non-representational Arts

• Allows a break from the figurative representation of sculpture

• Makes use of new materials such as plastics, plexiglass, metal wire, etc

Social Realism

Depiction of social issues (the working class and marginalized groups).

Mixed Media

Combination of traditional and unconventional materials blending painting with other art forms like installation, sculpture, or digital art.

Our Lady of Edsa

By Virginia Ty-Navarro

Bonifacio Monument

By Guillermo Tolentino

Sarimanok Series

By Abdulmari Imao

The Victor

By Jefre Figueras Manuel

Sculpture

• A branch of visual arts that is three-dimensional.

• Process of forming an image using solid material.

Alfonso Ossorio

Well known for his assemblages of objects made between 1958 and 1984, which he called "Congregations," as well as his works on paper and paintings from the 1930s through 1990. Edward F. Dragon, life partner and heir to Ossorio's Estate, established the Ossorio Foundation after Ossorio's death.

Modeling

Created when a soft/malleable material (like clay) is built using an armature and shaped, an additive process.

Carving

Cutting/chipping away a shape from a mass of stone, wood, or other hard materials. A subtractive process.

Casting

Sculpture formed using terracotta clay and made permanent using plaster of Paris. Casting it in bronze/metal reproduced the form from an original clay/wax model.

Assembling/Assemblage

When sculptors gather and put together different materials (like found objects) to create an assembled sculpture, an additive process.

Monolithic Sculpture

• Carving one slab of stone into a desired shape

• Limited by the size and shape of the stone

Constructivism

• Allows a break from the figurative representation of sculpture

• Makes use of plastics, plexiglass, metal wire, etc

Sculptural Assemblage

• Several found objects put together

• Pre-existing, non-art objects into art context

Kinetic Sculpture

• Incorporated movement in the art

• It can be powered by wind, water, magnet, or the spectator

Niche

• “Born from the walls”

• A recessed place in a wall where a sculpture figure/bust can be located

Box

Involves the creation of 3-dimensional artworks within or around a box/similar enclosure

Grotto

Natural/artificial caves, often used as ornamental structure in gardens, parks, and religious settings.

Rising Sun

By Demi Padua

No One Cares

By Nestor Abayon Jr.

Crucifix in Shield

By Cameron Castrillo

Not A Word That Has But The Same

By Cris Villanueva

Desert Architecture

By Arturo Luz

Lolong and Loleng

By Demetrio dela Cruz

Free Spirit

By Gilbert Angeles

Alay sa Inang Kalikasan

By Noli Española

Close-up

Emphasizes facial expression/important detail.

Long shot

Shows the character in relation to the surroundings.

High angle

May make a subject appear smaller/less dominant.

Low angle

May make a subject appear more imposing/powerful.

Photography

• The process of capturing light to create an image with a camera.

• Exposing thin plastic material we call film to light to create an image.

• Photo = light & Graphy = drawing

• Used for: expression (art), documentation, promotion (commercial),

Nature Photography

Viewers may see landscapes, places, and objects that we may never encounter in our lifetime.

Photography & Reality

Presents reality in its true form.

Photographic Alteration

Illusion of objectivity and factual authenticity, usage of AI in photography.