FRAME OF REFERENCES

Frame of references

provides a plan of action for treatment and assessment for a specific population and/or illness

Biomechanical

applies human movement and posture; typically used when a client presents with musculoskeletal issues, hand injuries, or requires reconditioning in preparation for return to work after an injury.

ex. measuring ROM using a goniometer

Biomechanical goals

• increase muscular strength

• improve ROM

• decrease pain

• prevent contractures

Rehabilitation

focused on helping a client return to the highest level of function possible; clients typically have neurological or sensorimotor conditions such as MS, SCI, CVA

ex. client post hip fracture using hip kit, client post CVA using utensils with built up handles for feeding

Rehabilitation goals

• adapt the method using AE if needed

• make changes to the environment

• compensate for difficulties

• focus on abilities rather than disabilities

Multicontext

focuses on self-monitoring and transferring learning across several contexts; clients with cognitive or perceptual challenges

ex. client practices skills needed in the actual context in which they occur and in varied contexts so they learn to be able to perform the task in any environment

Multicontext goals

seeks to restore cognitive and/or perceptual abilities or promote learning to adapt to compensate for decreased skills

Neurofunctional

helping a person perform meaningful functional activities despite cognitive deficits, rather than trying to restore the underlying cognitive impairment. incorporates the principles of skill learning and promotes the development of routines for everyday living; specially designed to use with clients following a severe brain injury (TBI)

ex. client-centered occupation based treatment

Neurofunctional goals

seek to restore skills using high repetitive task/task-specific

Behavioral/Cognitive behavioral

based on changing patterns of behavior; clients with developmental disabilities and brain injury

Behavioral/Cognitive behavioral goal

changing objective, measurable behaviors

Cognitive disability

focuses on the client’s cognitive skill and impact on occupational performance; clients who have experienced a cognitive decline or impairment

ex. TBI, dementia

Cognitive disability goal

match the cognitive level of the client in therapy

Sensorimotor

tasks are taught through repetition of movement patterns. avoiding or seeking sensory input; client with CNS damage

ex. CVA, brain injury, impairment in the senses

Sensorimotor goal

retrain the brain to gain voluntary control of movement

Motor learning

approach is centered on the premise that movement is controlled by the neurological connections in the brain and that those connections can be retrained to produce improved movement

ex. CVA

Motor learning goal

acquire or change motor skills

Motor learning feedback

involves information about a client’s performance of a task used on the basis for improvement

Intrinsic motor learning feedback

how one interacts with his/her environment

Extrinsic motor learning feedback

provided by the OT practitioner