germ layer derivatives questions

From which germ layer originates the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary)?

surface ectoderm

Which of the following originate(s) from the paraxial mesoderm?

Dermis

The mesoderm is generated by:

Epiblast

From which embryonic layer originates the smooth muscle tissue?

mesenchyme

The mesenchyme is an embryonic:

connective tissue

The notochord is under which structure?

The neural tube

The second meiotic division during oogenesis begins:

At the time of ovulation

The second meiotic division of the female gametes is complete at:

Fertilisation

At the eighth day of development the hypoblast consists of:

small cuboidal cells

Skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue originate from:

Mesoblast

Primary villi result from the proliferation of:

cytotrophoblast

Which layer is in contact with the cytotrophoblast after the formation of the extraembryonic cavity?

Extraembryonic somatopleuric mesoderm

The primitive endothelial cells are formed by:

cells lining the yolk sac

Which of the statements is TRUE

Chorionic villi form the fetal part of the placenta

Which condition is caused by genetic abnormalities during the process of gastrulation:

caudal dysgenesis

The spermiation is a process of releasing the spermatozoa from:

Sertoli cells

The Leydig cells are found in:

Sertoli cells

The blood vessels of which structure form the blood vessels of the umbilical cord?

Tertiary villi

Approx. on which day does the heart begin to beat?

Day 22

How long does the capacitation of semen take?

5-7 hours

Which of the following answers is TRUE? A genetic defect in the motor protein DYNEIN is linked to which of the following disorders?

kartagener syndrome

The cardiac muscle tissue originates from which embryonic layer?

Mesoderm

The second week of development the embryoblast differentiates into:

two layers

Which component of the pre-embryo continues to develop thus forming molar pregnancy:

Trophoblast

Which type of trophoblastic villi are formed in the 2nd week of development?

primary

Which cell produce testosterone in the testis?

Leydig cells

Which factor is of importance for the transport of the secondary oocyte in the female reproduction tract after ovulation?

An increased activity of the fimbrial smooth musculature in the uterine tube infundibulum

The first blood cells originate from:

cells around the yolk sac

Each somite differentiates into all of the following EXCEPT:

nephrotome

The intervillous space of the placenta contains:

Maternal blood

The cephalic end of the primitive streak is:

Primitive node

From which germ layer originates the epithelium of the thyroid gland?

Endoderm

From which germ layer originates the serous membrane of the body (peritoneum, pleura, pericardium)?

Somatopleuric lateral plate mesoderm

The second meiotic division during oogenesis begins:

At the time of ovulation

When does the first meiotic division of oocytes begin?

Before birth

The second meiotic division of the female gametes is complete at:

Fertilisation

When does the first meiotic division of oocytes begin?

Before birth

What kind of change in the size of the yolk sac (relative to the size of the embryo) occurs during development?

gradually decreases

Which structures originate from the lateral plate mesoderm?

smooth muscle tissue

What is the name of the inner layer of the blastocyst?

Epiblast

The epithelium of the stomach and the intestines originates mostly from the:

Endoderm

From which germ layer originates the neurohypophysis (posterior):

Surface ectoderm

Which layer of the pre-embryo is in direct contact with the endometrium?

Amnion

Which of the following issue is derived from the ectoderm?

Adenohypophysis (endocrine cells => consists of epithelial cells)

The heart and the blood vessels are derivates of:

lateral plate mesoderm

The olfactory placode is located on the surface of which structure?

frontonasal prominence

From which germ layer originate the nephrogenic cords?

Intermediate

Which of the listed structures penetrate deepest into the endometrium?

Tertiary Villi

The formation of the notochord occurs during?

Third week

Teratogens are agents that:

congenital malfunction

The definitive umbilical cord contains?

Two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein

Which structures originate from the lateral plate and mesoderm?

Epithelium of the peritoneal, pleural and pericardial cavities

The sclerotomes differentiate into?

Bone and cartilage which surround the notochord

Which 2 germ layers to the pre-embryo are separated by the extra embryonic cavity?

none of the answers is true

Which cells of the spermatogenic population have bivalent chromosomes?

spermatids

The preimplantation genetic diagnosis represents analysis of?

blastomeres

Name the most medially located compartment of the intraembryonic mesoderm?

paraxial mesoderm

Which structures originate from the lateral plate mesoderm?

Epithelium of the renal tubes, renal calices

How much is the volume of the seminal fluid of a healthy individual?

0.5-1 ml

Which techniques of artificial insemination are available to the public?

A and C

At which embryonic stage form the endocardial heart tubes?

day 19

Chromosome number aberrations (trisomy/monosomy) are most frequently due to?

Non disfunction of homologous chromosome during first meiotic division

The notochord serves as the basis for?

Axial skeleton

The definitive umbilical cord contains:

Mucous connective tissue (wharton's jelly)

Which of the following are functions of the yolk sac?

Takes part in early blood circulation

The somatopleure and splanchnopleure originate from:

Lateral mesoderm

Gastrulation occurs in the beginning of the:

Third week

Which layers are the primary villi originated from?

cytotrophoblast

How long does semen capacitation take?

5-7 hours

On which day does the process of Allantosis begin?

days 15-16

Approximately how long after fertilization occurs the first cleavage of the zygote?

30 days

The primitive endothelial cells are formed by?

Cells lining the yolk sac

Trophoblastic overgrowth with lack of embryoblast development may lead to?

Molar pregnancy

At the cranial end of the embryonic disc is formed by:

Primitive knot

At the presence of how many cells, generated by the zygote, the process of cleavage (segmentation) is assumed to begin?

2

Each somite differentiates into all of the following:

Dermatomes, Myotomes, Syndetomes, Sclerotomes

Turner syndrome is?

Monosomy X (absence of an entire sex chromosome)

From which germ layers originate the nephrogenic chords?

Intermediate mesoderm

How is designated the outermost layer of the embryonic mesoderm?

Ectoderm

The umbilical arteries:

surround the urinary bladder

What are the two layers of the endometrium?

Stratum functionalis and stratum basalis

How long lasts the capability of the secondary oocyte to be fertilized ?

12-24 hours

How many cavities characterize the pre-embryo at the end of the 2nd week of development?

2 (chorionic and amniotic cavity)

What is the normal sperm count of the sperm in 1/ml?

15-40 million

Which of the cells produce testosterone in the testis?

Interstitial cells (leydig cells)

Ectoderm is created by:

Epiblasts

Which structure is formed at the dorsal border tip of the neural tube?

Neural crest

The cells generated by the spermatogonia are:

Primary spermatocytes

The maternal and fetal components of the placenta are?

intervillous/basal (maternal) and chorion plate

From which layer originates the chorion?

Extraembryonic mesoderm

Amniocentesis is used to investigate and detect?

Prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities and fetal infections and genetic abnormalities

During the second week of development, the embryoblast differentiates into?

Bilaminar Germ disc Epiblast and Hypoblast

What compartment of the blastocyst contributes to the formation of the placenta?

Trophoblast

During which week of development the primordial germ cell migrate to dorsal body wall:

Third month

Which of the following structures refers to embryonic membranes?

Amnion/Chorion/Yolk Sac

What is the average composition of the seminal fluid?

2-5% sperm / 65-75% amino acids / 25-30% Acid phosophotase / 1% galactose & mucus

The somatopleure and splanchnopleure originate from?

Lateral Mesoderm

Which of the following is not known to be human teratogen?

Ribociclib (Novartis) und Palbociclib/Thalidomid

(545) From which germ layer originates the heart and the spleen?

mesoderm

Which of the listed form the corona radiata?

Cuboidal granulosa cells