BIO- locomotion and movement

What is the fundamental difference between movement and locomotion?

While movement refers to any change in position of a body part, locomotion specifically refers to voluntary movements that result in a change of place or location

What are the three primary types of movement exhibited by human cells?

Human cells exhibit amoeboid, ciliary, and muscular movements

Which specialized blood cells exhibit amoeboid movement?

Macrophages and leucocytes use pseudopodia and cytoskeletal microfilaments to move

Where is ciliary movement commonly found in the human body?

It occurs in internal tubular organs lined with ciliated epithelium, such as the trachea and the female reproductive tract

How are muscles classified based on their location?

They are categorized as skeletal (striated/voluntary), visceral (smooth/involuntary), and cardiac (striated/involuntary)

hat is the functional unit of muscle contraction?

The sarcomere, which is the portion of a myofibril located between two successive 'Z' lines

What are the two primary contractile proteins in a myofibril?

Actin (found in thin I-bands) and myosin (found in thick A-bands)

What theory explains the mechanism of muscle contraction?

The sliding filament theory, which states that contraction occurs when thin filaments slide over thick filaments

What causes muscle fatigue during repeated activation?

The accumulation of lactic acid due to the anaerobic breakdown of glycogen

How many bones make up the human axial skeleton?

the axial skeleton consists of 80 bones, including the skull, vertebral column, sternum, and ribs

What is the role of joints in movement?

Joints act as the fulcrum for the force generated by muscles to carry out movement

Which type of joint allows for "considerable movement" and is vital for locomotion?

Synovial joints, such as the ball and socket, hinge, and pivot joints

What is the difference between Arthritis and Gout?

Arthritis is general inflammation of the joints, whereas Gout is specific inflammation caused by the accumulation of uric acid crystals

What characterizes Osteoporosis?

It is an age-related disorder marked by decreased bone mass and increased fracture risk, often due to decreased estrogen levels