Flashcards on Didactics and Curriculum in Early Childhood Education

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from a lecture on didactics, the curriculum, and innovative teaching strategies in early childhood education.

Didactics

The discipline that studies the processes of teaching and learning, providing tools and strategies to optimize these processes, adapting resources to the needs of the child.

Teaching

An action developed with the intention of leading someone to learning, an intentional action aimed at provoking learning through that action or process of actions. It has communicative, pedagogical, and instrumental dimensions.

Learning

From a didactic point of view, it includes a cognitive dimension (acquiring information and knowledge), a behavioral dimension (modifying attitudes), and enriching perspectives and operational capacities.

Etapas de Educación Infantil (Stages of Early Childhood Education)

This stage covers from 0 to 6 years and is organized in two cycles: 0 to 3 and 3 to 6 years. Key aspects include growth in harmony, discovery and exploration of the environment, and communication and representation of reality.

Aprender a conocer (Learning to Know)

One of the four pillars of the Delors Report; focuses on the development of cognitive skills, critical thinking, comprehension, and autonomous learning.

Aprender a hacer (Learning to Do)

One of the four pillars of the Delors Report; focuses on the development of practical skills, teamwork, problem-solving, and abilities.

Aprender a vivir juntos (Learning to Live Together)

One of the four pillars of the Delors Report; focuses on developing interpersonal and social skills, fostering empathy, tolerance, and cooperation.

Aprender a ser (Learning to Be)

One of the four pillars of the Delors Report; focuses on the development of attitudes and values, promoting autonomy, responsibility, and personal identification.

Dominios de Bloom (Bloom's Domains)

Classification of educational objectives into three main domains: cognitive (knowledge and intellectual skills), psychomotor (physical and motor skills), and affective (attitudes, values, and emotions).

Constructivism

An educational approach that asserts that knowledge is actively constructed by the student through interaction with their environment; learning builds on prior knowledge.

Zona de Desarrollo Próximo (Zone of Proximal Development)

The distance between what a student can do on their own and what they can achieve with help.

Motivación Intrínseca (Intrinsic Motivation)

Motivation driven by internal factors such as curiosity or interest.

Motivación Extrínseca (Extrinsic Motivation)

Motivation driven by external rewards or incentives.

Transferencia del Aprendizaje (Learning Transfer)

Applying knowledge and skills acquired in new situations. This is crucial for enabling students to apply what they've learned in real-life contexts.

Evaluación Formativa (Formative Assessment)

Ongoing assessment integrated into the learning process to provide feedback and improve teaching and learning.

Evaluación Sumativa (Summative Assessment)

Assessment conducted at the end of an instructional unit or period to evaluate learning outcomes and assign grades.

Neuroeducación (Neuroeducation)

A discipline that integrates knowledge from neuroscience, psychology, and education to optimize teaching and learning by understanding how the brain functions.

Currículum (Curriculum)

According to LOMLOE, it's the 'set of objectives, competencies, contents, pedagogical methods, and evaluation criteria for each of the teachings,' serving as a mandatory guide for educational planning.

Competencias (Competencies)

Capacities for applying integrated knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values in diverse contexts, preparing students for life.

Núcleo del currículo (Core Curriculum)

Includes identifying the context/challenges, defining clear competencies/objectives, planning sequenced activities, and establishing clear evaluation criteria.

Actividades (Activities)

Practical experiences that allow students to experiment directly with content, promoting greater engagement and retention.

Estrategias de Enseñanza (Teaching Strategies)

Methods and techniques used by teachers to facilitate student learning effectively.

La Programación Didáctica (Didactic program)

Plan de actuación docente diseñado para un tiempo específico y un grupo concreto de niños, which includes: Punto de partida, Orientaciones metodológicas, Atención a la diversidad, Estrategias para el refuerzo and, Fundamentación curricular y metodológica

Situación de Aprendizaje (Learning situation)

actividades que implican la movilización de aprendizajes vinculados a competencias clave y específicas, contextualizadas, significativas y competenciales.

Criterios de evaluación (Evaluation criteria)

Mediación del desarrollo competencial por medio de indicadores de logro.

Espacios (Learning environment)

deben estar diseñados para responder a las necesidades e intereses de los niños, tanto a nivel individual como grupal. Deben ser Claramente delimitados, Dotados del material necesario y Situados en lugares apropiados.

el juego interactivo con el bebé (Interactive games with baby)

Aprendizajes cognitivos, socioemocionales y comunicativos. Para: Mantener la atención, imitar, anticipar acciones, comunicarse, emitir vocalizaciones o palabras, disfrutar, sentir…

El juego libre (Free play)

Los niños/as eligen de manera natural aquello que les interesa

Individualización

El/ la niño/a debe aprender a conocerse como sujeto individual.

El juego experimental (The experimental game)

El/la niño/a aprende mediante el contacto con los objetos, a través de la manipulación, la exploración y el descubrimiento

Centro de interés

Consiste en organizar los contenidos sobre la base de un eje central elegido en función de las necesidades e intereses de los niños.

Las Rutinas

Son la repetición de las actividades y ritmos en la organización espacio-temporal