Ch. 22 (Gluconeogenesis and Glycogen Metabolism)

oxalloacetate; PEP

In gluconeogenesis, pyruvate is turned into ______ and then it’s turned into _____

Amylo-(1,4-1,6)-transglycosylase

Branching enzyme

oligo-(1,4-1,4)-glucanotransferase

Debranching enzyme by transfer

alpha(1,6) glucosidase

Debranching by cleaving single alpha (1,6) residue linkage

amino acids, glycerol, lactate

What are the non-carbohydrate intermediates of gluconeogenesis?

Pyruvate Carboxylase

Enzyme that converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate

PEP carboxykinase

Enzyme that converts oxaloacetate to PEP

liver; 90

Gluoneogenesis occurs mainly in the ______ at ______%

saliva, 4

Alpha amylase, present in _______, can cleave up to ___ residues

Limit dextrins

Highly branched polysaccharides that are left after extensive exposure to alpha-amylase or glycogen phosphorylase

Alpha-amylase

Principal enzyme in the breakdown of starch and glycogen in the digestive tract

Glycogen phosphorylase

Principal enzyme in the breakdown of glycogen intracellularly

UDP; glycogen synthase

Glucose is transferred from ______ to the growing glycogen chain by ________

breakdown; lowering

Insulin inhibits glycogen ________ by ______ the blood glucose level

synthesis; raising

Glucagon and insulin inhibit glycogen _______ by ______ the blood glucose level