Scientists and their contributions to animal behavior

Aristotle

Chain of Beings

Herbert Spencer

Wrote the book of Principles pf Psychology

Proposed animal behavior is similar to Chain of Beings

Charles Darwin

On the Origin of Species

Natural Selection

The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex (sexual selection)

George Romanes

Student of Darwin

Comparative Psychology animals and humans

Jacques Loeb

Animal behavior instinctual

Non-human behaviors were trophisms

Towards or away from stimulus

Niko Tinbergen

4 questions:

What are mechanisms causing particular behaviors?

How did this particular behavior develop?

What is the survival value?

How did this particular behavior evolve?

Ethology was founded by?

Niko Tinbergen, Konrad Lorenz, and Karl von Fisch

Konrad Lorenz

Lab based habitats

Fixed action patterns

C. Lloyd Morgan

Removed subjective, used quantitative data

KEEP IT SIMPLE

No human emotional/mental capacity assumed for animals

E.L. Thorndike

Puzzle box

Operant (trial and error) conditioning

Law of Effect

Ivan Pavlov

Developed Classical Conditioning

-reward stimulus paired with innocous stimulus

B.F. Skinner

Food reward (levers)

Reinforcement

Subdiscipline of behavior

Jean Pierre Flourens

First physiological psychologist

mind located in brain, not heart

Learning not localized

Different sections of the brain contain different functions throughout cerebral cortex

Karl Lashley

Attempted to localize cerebral cortex

Frank Beach

Father of Behavioral Endocrinology

Looked at nerves and endocrine systems as well

W.D. Hamilton

Inclusive fitness

F.O. Wilson

Sociobiology

Demography and social behaviors

Amotz Zahavi

Handicap Principle

Michael Moore

Relative Plasticity Hypothesis