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Genetic Expression
The process of using genetic information to produce proteins, influenced by environmental factors.
Genetic Mutations
Changes in the DNA sequence that may be inherited or caused by environmental factors.
Pleiotropy
A single gene influences multiple traits or behaviors.
Behavioral Genetics
Studies the influence of genetics and environment on behaviors.
Heritability
A statistic indicating the proportion of variability in a trait due to genetics.
Epigenetics
The study of how environmental factors affect gene expression without altering the DNA sequence.
Gene-Environment Correlations
Relationships between genetic predispositions and environmental influences.
Passive Correlation
Genetic predispositions create supportive environments for gene expression.
Evocative Correlation
Genetic traits evoke specific responses from the environment.
Active (Niche-Building) Correlation
Individuals seek environments that match their genetic tendencies.
Polymorphisms
Represent the genetic diversity within a population. Often do not affect the function of genes, but some can influence traits, susceptibility to diseases, or how individuals respond to medications.
Type of Gene Regions
Non-Coding Regions and Coding Regions
Non-Coding Regions
parts of the DNA that do not code for proteins. An example is the promoter region, which acts like an “on/off” switch to control when and where genes are expressed. These regions can be influenced by environmental factors, affecting how genes are turned on or of
Coding Regions
parts of the DNA that contain the instructions for making specific proteins. They directly determine the structure and function of proteins in the body
Twin Studies
Twin studies compare identical (monozygotic) and fraternal (dizygotic) twins to understand the influence of genetics and environment on traits and behaviors
