E.C. Quiz #1 ~ A&P BSC2085.011

Superior

towards the upper part of a structure

inferior

towards the lower part of a structure

anterior/ventral

nearer to or at the front of the body

posterior/dorsal

nearer to or at the back of the body

medial

nearer to the midline or midsagittal plane

lateral

farther from the body midline or midsagittal plane

intermediate

between two structures

proximal

nearer to the attachment of a limb to the truck

distal

farther from the attachment of a limb to the truck

superficial

towards or on the body surface

deep

away from the surface of the body

supination

palms up or facing anterior

pronation

palms down or facing posterior

inversion

soles pointing in or medially

eversion

soles pointing out or laterally

dorsiflexion

pointing the foot with the toes toward the body (or on the heels)

plantar flexion

pointing the foot away from the body (or standing on toes)

cranial

toward the head or superior end of the body

caudal

towards the tail or inferior end of the truck (cauda equina)

ipselateral

situated on or pertaining to the same side of the body

contralateral

situated on or pertaining to the opposited side

flexion

decrease of angle between two bones

extension

increase of angle between two bones

lateral flexion

bending the neck or torso to the side

rotation

moving a bone or body part around its own axis

abduction

movement away from the midline of the body

adduction

movement towards the midline of the body

antecubital

situated in front of the elbow

axillary

small pyramidal space between the upper lateral chest/arm (armpit)

brachial

pertaining to the arm (from shoulder to elbow)

buccal

inside your cheek

calcaneal

the heel bone (one of the tarsals)

carpal

the wrist bones/region

cervical

pertaining to the neck, or the neck of an organ or structure

digital

finger manipulation or imprint

femoral

the thigh

glabella

smooth area on the frontal bone, between the eyebrows

gluteal

the buttocks

inguinal

the juncture between the abdomen and thigh (groin)

Lumbar

the part of the back between the thorax & pelvis (loins)

mammary

the breast

occipital

the posterior inferior portion of the cranium

orbital

bony cavity that contains the eyeball

otic

pertaining to the ear (aural)

patellar

sesamoid bone situated at the front of the knee (kneecap)

plantar

sole of the foot

popliteral

the posterior surface of the knee (back of the knee)

pubic

anterior inferior portion of the hip bone

scapular

the flat triangular bone in the back of the shoulder (blade)

sternal

pertaining to the sternum

tarsal

the ankle bones

thoracic

pertaining to the chest or spinal region (thorax)

vertebral

pertaining to the 24 bones of the spinal column

sagittal plane

vertical plane that divides into right and left side

- midsagittal

- parasagittal

midsagittal plane

when the right & left side are equal in size & runs through the midline of the body or organ

parasagittal plane

when the body or organ is divided into unequal right & left sides, with the planes adjacent or parallel

frontal/coronal plane

divides the body or organ into anterior/posterior portions

transverse plane

divided the body into superior & inferior portions

oblique plane

passes through the body or an organ at a diagonal angle

Integumentary system

skin, hair, nails

Integumentary system functions

protection; regulates temp; eliminates waste; sensations

Skeletal system & joints

bones, cartilage, joints

Skeletal system & joints functions

support & protects body; attaches muscle; aids body movements; produces blood cells

Muscular System

skeletal muscles, cardiac & smooth

Muscular System functions

body movementt; body posture; generates heat

nervous system

brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs

nervous system functions

generates nerve impulses to regulate body activities

endocrine system

glands, hormones

endocrine system functions

regulates body activities by releasing hormones

cardiovascular system

heart, blood, blood vessels

cardiovascular system functions

heart pumps blood through blood vessels to carry oxygen & nutrients to cells & carbon dioxide & wastes away from cells; regulates pH balance, temperature, & water content of body fluids; defend against diseases; repair damaged vessels

Lymphatic system & immunity

lymph nodes, vessels, spleen, thymus

Lymphatic system & immunity functions

protect against diseases; returns proteins & fluid to blood; carries lipids from GI tract to blood

respiratory system

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

respiratory system functions

transfer O2 from lungs to blood & CO2 from blood to lungs; help regulate pH balance of body fluids; help produce sound

digestive system & nutrition/metabolism

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine (colon), rectum, anus, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and salivary glands.

digestive system & nutrition/metabolism functions

physical & chemical breakdown of food; absorb nutrients; eliminates solid waste

urinary system & fluid/pH

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

urinary system & fluid/pH functions

produces, stores & eliminates urine & waste; regulates volume of fluids in the body & chemical composition of blood & pH balance

reproductive system

male & female reproductive systems

male reproductive system

testes, penis, prostate

male reproductive system functions

produces gametes (sperm); hormones (testosterone)

female reproductive system

ovaries, uterus, vagina

female reproductive system functions

produce gametes (oocytes/eggs); hormones (estrogen)