Unit 8: Heath & Personality

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45 Terms

1
Eustress
A positive form of stress that can motivate and enhance performance and well-being.
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2
Distress
A negative form of stress that can cause anxiety, decrease performance, and lead to health problems.
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3
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)
Traumatic events occurring before the age of 18 that can lead to long-term health consequences.
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4
General Adaptation Syndrome
A three-stage response to stress (alarm, resistance, exhaustion) that describes how the body reacts to stressors.
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5
Fight-flight-or-freeze response
An automatic physiological reaction to perceived threats, preparing individuals to confront or escape danger.
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6
Tend and befriend theory
A behavioral response to stress characterized by seeking social support and nurturing others.
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7
Problem-focused coping
Strategies aimed at tackling the stressor directly.
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8
Emotion-focused coping
Strategies that involve regulating emotional responses to stress.
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9
Internal locus of control
The belief that one has control over their life and outcomes.
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10
External locus of control
The belief that external factors influence life events.
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11
Positive Psychology
A branch of psychology focusing on strengths, well-being, and fulfilling life factors.
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12
Wisdom
Cognitive strengths involving acquiring and using knowledge to navigate life.
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13
Courage
Emotional strengths involving the will to accomplish goals despite opposition or fear.
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14
Humanity
Interpersonal strengths related to kindness and empathy.
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15
Justice
Civic strengths that promote fair treatment and healthy community connections.
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16
Temperance
Strengths that encompass self-restraint and moderation in behaviors.
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17
Transcendence
Strengths that connect individuals to the larger universe and provide meaning to life.
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18
Psychodynamic view of personality
A perspective emphasizing the role of unconscious processes in shaping personality.
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19
Role of the unconscious
The part of the mind that contains thoughts and memories not accessible to awareness.
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20
Id
The primitive and instinctive component of personality operating according to the pleasure principle.
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21
Ego
The rational part of personality mediating between id desires and external realities.
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22
Superego
The ethical component of personality representing internalized ideals.
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23
Ego defense mechanisms
Psychological strategies used by the ego to protect against anxiety.
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24
Denial
Refusal to accept reality to avoid painful emotions.
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25
Displacement
Redirecting emotions from the original source to a substitute target.
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26
Projection
Attributing one’s own unacceptable thoughts to others.
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27
Rationalization
Justifying actions or feelings with logical reasons.
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28
Reaction formation
Converting unwanted thoughts into their opposite.
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29
Regression
Reverting to previous behaviors effective in dealing with stress.
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30
Repression
Unconsciously blocking unpleasant thoughts from awareness.
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31
Sublimation
Channeling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities.
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32
Projective tests
Psychological assessments using ambiguous stimuli to elicit responses.
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33
Humanistic psychology
A psychological perspective emphasizing personal growth and self-actualization.
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34
Unconditional (positive) regard (UPR)
Acceptance and support of a person regardless of their actions.
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35
Self-actualizing tendency
The innate drive to realize and fulfill one's potential.
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36
Social-Cognitive view of personality
A theory emphasizing the role of social interactions in shaping personality.
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37
Reciprocal determinism
The concept that personal, behavioral, and environmental factors shape behavior.
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38
Self-efficacy
Belief in one’s ability to succeed in specific situations.
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39
Self-concept
The perception and understanding of oneself.
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40
Self-esteem
The overall value one places on oneself.
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41
Self-serving bias
The tendency to attribute positive events to oneself and negative events to external factors.
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42
Trait view on personality
A perspective focusing on identifying and measuring stable personality characteristics.
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43
Big Five Theory
A personality model identifying five major dimensions: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Emotional stability.
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44
Personality inventories
Standardized questionnaires used to assess various aspects of personality traits.
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45
Factor analysis
A statistical method used to identify clusters of related variables in personality assessment.
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