Urinary system Chapter 6.8 common medical conditions

Acute cystitis

an infeciton of the bladder

what bacteria commonly causes acute cystitis

R. coli

where do the bacteria that causes acute cystitis enter the body

the urethra

what are the voiding symptoms that people with acute cystitis complain of

urgency, frequency and dysuria

what is the assessment of acute cystitis

urinalysis and urine culture (and sensitivity)

Acute pyelonephritis

inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis (because of an infection of the kidney)

Hare are pylonephritis and cystitis connected?

pyelonephritis is caused by infectoins lower down in the urinary tract, like in the bladder.

pyeloneephritis - how do the symptoms differ from cystitis

Other than the voiding symptoms which can be present in both infections, this progression up the urinary tract can also create fever, tachycardia, flank pain, shaking chills, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

Hint: think of the location for the flank pain, and because it is a more serious infection fever should be expected.

pyelonephritis - how does the assessment differ from cystitis

along with the urinalysis and urine culture, the provider may also order a renal ultrasound or CT scan

pyelonephritis - what is the treatment

IV fluids and antibiotics, often in hospital

AKI - what does it stand for

Acute kidney injury

AKI and Uremia (Azotemia) - how are they connected

AKI often causes Uremia because of the lack of filtration

Uremia - symptoms

changes in mental status, nausea, vomiting, and malaise

AKI - what are the different distinctions

Separated by where the problem stems,
prerenal - caused by a decrease in perfusion of the kidney with blood
Intrinsic kidney disease - disease in the kidney itself like acute tubular necrosis, acute glomerulonephritis, or interstitial nephritis
postrenal - obstruction of further down the tract