Protozoa of Medical Importance Flashcards

Comprehensive fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering the morphology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of medically important protozoa based on the lecture transcript.

An extraintestinal infection of Entamoeba histolytica often presents with right upper quadrant pain and __________ exudate from a liver abscess.

anchovy paste

The hallmark intestinal lesion seen in Entamoeba histolytica colitis is a ________-shaped ulcer.

flask

Entamoeba histolytica cysts are characterized by having __________ umbilicated nuclei.

$$1-4$$

The most common intestinal parasite in the US is __________, which typically causes greasy stools that float.

Giardia duodenalis

Giardia duodenalis cysts are notably resistant to __________ treatment and external environmental conditions.

chlorine

Cryptosporidium spp. are often transmitted via contaminated __________ such as swimming pools and lakes.

recreational water

A common diagnostic method for Cryptosporidium oocysts in a stool sample is the __________ stain.

Modified Acid Fast

On internal examination, women with Trichomonas vaginalis often exhibit punctate inflammation of the cervix known as __________.

strawberry cervix

The vector for Babesia microti in the Northeast and upper Midwest US is the __________ tick.

Ixodes scapularis

In a blood smear, the merozoite form of Babesia is described as having a __________ appearance.

Maltese cross

The mosquito vector for all Plasmodium species is __________.

Anopheles

Cerebral malaria is caused exclusively by the species __________.

Plasmodium falciparum

Relapse in malaria caused by P. vivax or P. ovale is due to the __________ stage, which is a dormant infection of hepatocytes.

hypnozoite

The paroxysm cycle for Plasmodium malariae occurs every __________ hours.

$$72$$

Toxoplasma gondii can be transmitted to humans through contact with oocyst-containing soil or litter boxes from __________.

cats

The combination of pyriethamine, sulfadiazine, and __________ is used to treat Toxoplasmosis in symptomatic patients.

folinic acid

Leishmania species are transmitted to humans by the __________.

sandfly

Visceral leishmaniasis, also known as __________, often affects the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.

kala-azar

The vector for Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, is the __________ bug.

triatomine

Unilateral periorbital swelling associated with acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection is called the __________.

Romaña sign

Trypanosoma brucei, which causes African sleeping sickness, is transmitted by the __________ fly.

Tse-tse

Naegleria fowleri causes a central nervous system disease called __________, which has a fatality rate of approximately $97\%$.

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis

Naegleria fowleri migrates to the brain along the __________ nerve after contaminated water enters the nose.

olfactory

The drug __________ is a combination of Atovaquone and Proguanil used for malaria prophylaxis and therapy.

Malarone

Artemisinins belong to the __________ drug class and react with heme to cause free-radical damage to parasite membranes.

Sesquiterpenes