Ecology and Sustainable Development Lecture Review

Comprehensive practice flashcards based on lecture notes covering ecological definitions, scientists, environmental factors, toxicology, and occupational safety.

Ecology

The science that studies the living conditions of organisms, the interrelationship between environments, and their habitats.

Haeckel

The scientist who first introduced the concept of 'Ecology' into science.

Ecological factor

Any element of the environment that possesses the ability to have a direct or indirect effect on a living organism.

Types of ecological factors

Biotic, abiotic, and anthropogenic factors.

Suess

The scientist who first used the concept of 'Biosphere'.

Tansley

The individual who first introduced the concept of 'Ecosystem' into ecology.

Aquatic ecosystems

Examples include lakes, rivers, swamps, seas, and oceans.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

A set of $17$ goals adopted in $2015$.

Producers, Consumers, and Decomposers

The components that make up food chains within an ecosystem.

Hygrophiles

Animals that live in wet or moist environments.

Xerophiles

Animals that live in dry environments.

Ecosystem homeostasis

The stability of an ecosystem.

Abiotic components

Non-living environmental factors such as temperature.

Biome

A specific type of ecosystem or a community of organisms in a certain area.

Trophic chain

The sequence of energy transfer from one level to another within an ecosystem.

Biosphere

The highest level of organization of living beings.

Detritophages

Organisms that consume decomposing organic matter, such as worms.

Circular Economy

An economic model designed to reduce the use of resources and the generation of waste.

Sustainable Development

A concept representing a balance between ecological, social, and economic interests.

Bioremediation

The use of microorganisms, such as bacteria or fungi, to clean contaminated soil.

Noosphere

The layer of consciousness or human reason, a concept introduced by E. Le Roy and P. Teilhard de Chardin in $1927$.

Environmental Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The main legal act in the field of ecology in Kazakhstan.

Stratosphere

The atmospheric layer where most of the ozone is concentrated, situated between $9-30\,km$ at the poles.

Globalization

The process of forming a new global political, economic, cultural, and information integrity.

Human Development Index (HDI)

A composite statistic determined by life expectancy, education, and per capita income.

Gender

A category expressing the social meaning of biological differences between men and women.

Monitoring

A system of observation, assessment, and prediction of the state of the environment.

Geiger-Müller counter

A device used to measure ionizing radiation.

Lead

A material used to effectively protect against ionizing radiation.

Stockholm Conference

A UN conference held on June $5$, $1972$.

First Aid CPR

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, necessary when there is a total lack of breathing.

Safety Symbol (Triangular with yellow background and black sign)

A sign indicating the presence of dangerous electrical installations.